Beyond Regulatory Governance? On the Evolutionary Trajectory of Transnational Private Sustainability Governance

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 772-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Fransen
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Trajectory ◽  
Regulatory Governance ◽  
Sustainability Governance

NORMAS SOCIOAMBIENTAIS PRIVADAS: INSTRUMENTOS PARA A GOVERNANÇA GLOBAL DA SUSTENTABILIDADEPRIVATE SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL RULES: INSTRUMENTS FOR THE GLOBAL SUSTAINABILITY GOVERNANCE

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Lima (Universidade Católica de Santos/SP) ◽  
Alcindo Gonçalves (Universidade Católica de Santos/SP)
Keyword(s):  
Soft Law ◽  
Global Sustainability ◽  
Sustainability Governance

As normas socioambientais privadas são construídas através de princípios balizadores do Direito Ambiental Internacional e se estabelecem na perspectiva do desenvolvimento sustentável, buscando contribuir para o enfrentamento de questões globais, através de um processo normativo mais dinâmico e flexível para suprir lacunas da governança tradicional. Este artigo analisa o papel das normas privadas no contexto da Governança Ambiental Global, considerando-as como instrumentos capazes de contribuir para a solução de problemas comuns. A proposta é identificar como esses instrumentos, mesmo não vinculantes, podem possibilitar a construção e implementação de um processo de governança global na persecução dos objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentável. O presente estudo foi realizado através de pesquisa bibliográfica fundamentada em trabalhos científicos e doutrina, relacionando os elementos estruturantes da governança global com os constitutivos das iniciativas normativas socioambientais. A delimitação deste estudo se deu pela análise de normas socioambientais ISO, consideradas como instrumentos soft law pelo seu caráter voluntário. Conclui-se que as normas socioambientais privadas são capazes de influenciar e direcionar ações organizacionais, de maneira a fornecer efetividade ao processo de governança global estabelecido no seu processo de construção.

scholarly journals Biogeochemical Controls on the Redox Evolution of Earth’s Oceans and Atmosphere

Elements ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher T. Reinhard ◽  
Noah J. Planavsky
Keyword(s):  
Redox State ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectory ◽  
Geochemical Tracers ◽  
Atmosphere System ◽  
Ocean Atmosphere ◽  
Dramatic Shift ◽  
Redox Evolution

The redox state of Earth’s atmosphere has undergone a dramatic shift over geologic time from reducing to strongly oxidizing, and this shift has been coupled with changes in ocean redox structure and the size and activity of Earth’s biosphere. Delineating this evolutionary trajectory remains a major problem in Earth system science. Significant insights have emerged through the application of redox-sensitive geochemical systems. Existing and emerging biogeochemical modeling tools are pushing the limits of the quantitative constraints on ocean–atmosphere redox that can be extracted from geochemical tracers. This work is honing our understanding of the central role of Earth’s biosphere in shaping the long-term redox evolution of the ocean–atmosphere system.

scholarly journals Distinguishing linear and branched evolution given single-cell DNA sequencing data of tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah L. Weber ◽  
Mohammed El-Kebir
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectory ◽  
Cancer Types

Abstract Background Cancer arises from an evolutionary process where somatic mutations give rise to clonal expansions. Reconstructing this evolutionary process is useful for treatment decision-making as well as understanding evolutionary patterns across patients and cancer types. In particular, classifying a tumor’s evolutionary process as either linear or branched and understanding what cancer types and which patients have each of these trajectories could provide useful insights for both clinicians and researchers. While comprehensive cancer phylogeny inference from single-cell DNA sequencing data is challenging due to limitations with current sequencing technology and the complexity of the resulting problem, current data might provide sufficient signal to accurately classify a tumor’s evolutionary history as either linear or branched. Results We introduce the Linear Perfect Phylogeny Flipping (LPPF) problem as a means of testing two alternative hypotheses for the pattern of evolution, which we prove to be NP-hard. We develop Phyolin, which uses constraint programming to solve the LPPF problem. Through both in silico experiments and real data application, we demonstrate the performance of our method, outperforming a competing machine learning approach. Conclusion Phyolin is an accurate, easy to use and fast method for classifying an evolutionary trajectory as linear or branched given a tumor’s single-cell DNA sequencing data.

scholarly journals Flowering plant embryos: How did we end up here?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan A. Rensing ◽  
Dolf Weijers
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectory ◽  
Current State ◽  
Plant Embryo

AbstractThe seeds of flowering plants are sexually produced propagules that ensure dispersal and resilience of the next generation. Seeds harbor embryos, three dimensional structures that are often miniatures of the adult plant in terms of general structure and primordial organs. In addition, embryos contain the meristems that give rise to post-embryonically generated structures. However common, flowering plant embryos are an evolutionary derived state. Flowering plants are part of a much larger group of embryo-bearing plants, aptly termed Embryophyta. A key question is what evolutionary trajectory led to the emergence of flowering plant embryos. In this opinion, we deconstruct the flowering plant embryo and describe the current state of knowledge of embryos in other plant lineages. While we are far yet from understanding the ancestral state of plant embryogenesis, we argue what current knowledge may suggest and how the knowledge gaps may be closed.

From wood to vent: first cocculinid limpet associated with hydrothermal activity discovered in the Weddell Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-366
Author(s):  
Chong Chen ◽  
Katrin Linse
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
First Record ◽  
Hydrothermal Activity ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Anatomical Reconstruction ◽  
Cold Seeps ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectory ◽  
Genetic Sequencing

AbstractLush ‘oases’ of life seen in chemosynthetic ecosystems such as hot vents and cold seeps represent rare, localized exceptions to the generally oligotrophic deep ocean floor. Organic falls, best known from sunken wood and whale carcasses, are additional sources of such oases. Kemp Caldera (59°42'S, 28°20'W) in the Weddell Sea exhibits active hydrothermal vents and a natural whale fall in close proximity, where an undescribed cocculinid limpet was found living in both types of chemosynthetic habitats. This represents the first member of the gastropod order Cocculinida discovered from hot vents, and also the first record from the Southern Ocean. Here, we applied an integrative taxonomy framework incorporating traditional dissection, electron microscopy, genetic sequencing and 3D anatomical reconstruction through synchrotron computed tomography in order to characterize this species. Together, our data revealed an unusual member of the genus Cocculina with a highly modified radula for feeding on bacterial film, described herein as Cocculina enigmadonta n. sp. Its phylogenetically derived position within the largely wood-inhabiting Cocculina indicates that it probably evolved from an ancestor adapted to living on sunken wood, providing a compelling case of the ‘stepping stone’ evolutionary trajectory from organic falls to seeps and vents.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document