scholarly journals Long-term trajectories of the human appropriation of net primary production: Lessons from six national case studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fridolin Krausmann ◽  
Simone Gingrich ◽  
Helmut Haberl ◽  
Karl-Heinz Erb ◽  
Annabella Musel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Net Primary Production

scholarly journals Inventory-based estimation of aboveground net primary production in Japan's forests from 1980 to 2005

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 2099-2106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Wang ◽  
J. Y. Fang ◽  
T. Kato ◽  
Z. D. Guo ◽  
B. Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Aboveground Net Primary Production ◽  
Planted Forests ◽  
The Past ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon Sink

Abstract. Recent studies based on remote sensing and carbon process models have revealed that terrestrial net primary production (NPP) in the middle and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere has increased significantly; this is crucial for explaining the increased terrestrial carbon sink in the past several decades. Regional NPP estimation based on significant field data, however, has been rare. In this study, we estimated the long-term changes in aboveground NPP (ANPP) for Japan's forests from 1980 to 2005 using forest inventory data, direct field measurements, and an allometric method. The overall ANPP for all forest types averaged 10.5 Mg ha−1 yr−1, with a range of 9.6 to 11.5 Mg ha−1 yr−1, and ANPP for the whole country totaled 249.1 Tg yr−1 (range: 230.0 to 271.4 Tg yr−1) during the study period. Over the 25 years, the net effect of increased ANPP in needle-leaf forests and decreased ANPP in broadleaf forests has led to an increase of 1.9 Mg ha−1 yr−1 (i.e., 0.79 % yr−1). This increase may be mainly due to the establishment of plantations and the rapid early growth of these planted forests.

scholarly journals Drought dominates the interannual variability in global terrestrial net primary production by controlling semi-arid ecosystems

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Huang ◽  
Bin He ◽  
Aifang Chen ◽  
Haiyan Wang ◽  
Junjie Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Interannual Variation ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Arid Ecosystems ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract Drought is a main driver of interannual variation in global terrestrial net primary production. However, how and to what extent drought impacts global NPP variability is unclear. Based on the multi-timescale drought index SPEI and a satellite-based annual global terrestrial NPP dataset, we observed a robust relationship between drought and NPP in both hemispheres. In the Northern Hemisphere, the annual NPP trend is driven by 19-month drought variation, whereas that in the Southern Hemisphere is driven by 16-month drought variation. Drought-dominated NPP, which mainly occurs in semi-arid ecosystems, explains 29% of the interannual variation in global NPP, despite its 16% contribution to total global NPP. More surprisingly, drought prone ecosystems in the Southern Hemisphere, which only account for 7% of the total global NPP, contribute to 33% of the interannual variation in global NPP. Our observations support the leading role of semi-arid ecosystems in interannual variability in global NPP and highlight the great impacts of long-term drought on the global carbon cycle.

scholarly journals Inventory-based estimation of aboveground net primary production in Japan's forests from 1980 to 2005

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1463-1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Wang ◽  
J. Y. Fang ◽  
T. Kato ◽  
Z. D. Guo ◽  
B. Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Aboveground Net Primary Production ◽  
Planted Forests ◽  
The Past ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon Sink

Abstract. Recent studies based on remote sensing and carbon process models have revealed that terrestrial net primary production (NPP) in the middle and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere has increased significantly; this is crucial for explaining the increased terrestrial carbon sink in the past several decades. Regional NPP estimation based on significant field data, however, has been rare. In this study, we estimated the long-term changes in aboveground NPP (ANPP) for Japan's forests from 1980 to 2005, using forest inventory data, direct field measurements, and an allometric method. The overall ANPP for all forest types averaged 10.5 Mg ha−1 yr−1, with a range of 9.6 to 11.5 Mg ha−1 yr−1, and ANPP for the whole country totaled 249.1 Tg yr−1 (range: 230.0 to 271.4 Tg yr−1) during the study period. Over the 25 years, the net effect of increased ANPP in needle-leaf forests and decreased ANPP in broadleaf forests has led to an increase of 1.9 Mg ha−1 yr−1 (i.e., 0.79% yr−1). This increase may be mainly due to the establishment of plantations and the rapid early growth of these planted forests.

Recovery of net primary production in subalpine meadows of Mount St. Helens following the 1980 eruption

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 989-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Pfitsch ◽  
L. C. Bliss
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Nutrient Pools ◽  
Subalpine Meadows ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Mount St Helens

The deposition of 5–10 cm of tephra from the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens had no more effect than subsequent yearly weather fluctuations on the net primary production of subalpine meadows. The net primary production of areas subject to cold mudflows slowly increased as surviving plants resprouted through the eroded surface and has remained below that of tephra deposition areas. The net primary production of tephra deposition areas fluctuated dramatically (coefficient of variation = 40%) in the seven summers following the eruption. An inverse relationship between net primary production and nutrient concentration of individual species contributed to stability in aboveground nutrient pools from year to year. The dominant community members responded similarly to differences among years in summer precipitation, with little evidence of compensatory growth that would help stabilize community production. Tephra greatly inhibited seedling establishment. Species density (number of species per square metre) and diversity (H′) declined in a community having species that rely on sexual reproduction for persistence and also in experimental tephra addition plots in a more species-rich community. These results indicate that although the short-term effect of tephra deposition on net primary production was minor, the long-term consequence will be of community simplification, which will contribute to fluctuation in net primary production in response to yearly weather patterns.

Partitioning of net primary production in Eucalyptus and Acacia stands and in mixed-species plantations: Two case-studies in contrasting tropical environments

2013 ◽  
Vol 301 ◽  
pp. 102-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Epron ◽  
Yann Nouvellon ◽  
Louis Mareschal ◽  
Rildo Moreira e Moreira ◽  
Lydie-Stella Koutika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Tropical Environments

Exploring long-term trends in land use change and aboveground human appropriation of net primary production in nine European countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 426-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Gingrich ◽  
Maria Niedertscheider ◽  
Thomas Kastner ◽  
Helmut Haberl ◽  
Georgia Cosor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Long Term Trends

Long term trend of increasing iron stress in Southern Ocean phytoplankton

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandy Thomalla ◽  
Thomas Ryan-Keogh ◽  
Alessandro Tagliabue ◽  
Pedro Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Iron Stress ◽  
Temporal Scales ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Earth System Models

<p>Net primary production is a major contributor to carbon export in the Southern Ocean and supports rich marine ecosystems [Henley et al., 2020], driven in part by high macronutrient availability and summertime light levels, but ultimately constrained by seasonal changes in light and scarce supply of the essential micronutrient iron [Martin et al., 1990; Boyd, 2002; Tagliabue et al., 2016]. Although changing iron stress is a component of climate-driven trends in model projections of net primary production [Bopp et al., 2013; Laufkotter et al., 2015; Kwiatkowski et al., 2020], our confidence in the accuracy of their predictions is undermined by a lack of <em>in situ</em> constraints at appropriate spatial and temporal scales [Tagliabue et al., 2016; Tagliabue et al., 2020]. Earth System Models tend to predict increased Southern Ocean net primary production by the end of the 21st century, but are characterized by significant inter-model disagreement [Bopp et al., 2013; Kwiatkowski et al., 2020 Biogeosciences].  We show a significant multi-decadal increase in <em>in situ</em> iron stress from 1996 to 2020 that is positively correlated to the Southern Annular Mode and reflected by diminishing <em>in situ</em> net primary production over the last five years. It is not possible to directly infer Fe stress from observed concentrations, which necessitate experimental approaches (<em>in situ</em> open ocean fertilization / bottle nutrient addition experiments or proteomics). These experimental methods cannot be easily applied at appropriate spatial and temporal scales across the Southern Ocean that are required to assess trends in ecosystem status linked to climate drivers. Our novel proxy for <em>in situ</em> iron stress is based on the degree of non-photochemical quenching in relation to available light as a measurable photophysiological response to iron availability [Alderkamp et al., 2019; Schuback & Tortell, 2019; Schallenberg et al., 2020; Ryan-Keogh & Thomalla, 2020]. The proxy was able to reproduce expected variations in iron stress that occur seasonally [Boyd, 2002] and from natural and artificial fertilization [Boyd et al., 2000; Coale et al., 2004; Blain et al., 2008]. A particular strength of this iron stress proxy is that it can be retrospectively applied to data from ships and autonomous platforms with coincident measurements of fluorescence, photosynthetically active radiation and backscatter or beam attenuation to deliver a long-term time series. An iron stress trend of this magnitude in the Southern Ocean, where the primary constraint on net primary production is known to be iron limitation, is likely to have significant implications for the effectiveness of the biological carbon pump globally and may impact the trajectory of climate. The progressive <em>in situ</em> trend of increasing iron stress is however much stronger than net primary production trends from a suite of remote sensing and earth system models, indicating hitherto potential underestimation of ongoing Southern Ocean change.</p>

scholarly journals Legacies of precipitation fluctuations on primary production: theory and data synthesis

2012 ◽  
Vol 367 (1606) ◽  
pp. 3135-3144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osvaldo E. Sala ◽  
Laureano A. Gherardi ◽  
Lara Reichmann ◽  
Esteban Jobbágy ◽  
Debra Peters
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Space Versus ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Production Theory ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Precipitation Changes

Variability of above-ground net primary production (ANPP) of arid to sub-humid ecosystems displays a closer association with precipitation when considered across space (based on multiyear averages for different locations) than through time (based on year-to-year change at single locations). Here, we propose a theory of controls of ANPP based on four hypotheses about legacies of wet and dry years that explains space versus time differences in ANPP–precipitation relationships. We tested the hypotheses using 16 long-term series of ANPP. We found that legacies revealed by the association of current- versus previous-year conditions through the temporal series occur across all ecosystem types from deserts to mesic grasslands. Therefore, previous-year precipitation and ANPP control a significant fraction of current-year production. We developed unified models for the controls of ANPP through space and time. The relative importance of current-versus previous-year precipitation changes along a gradient of mean annual precipitation with the importance of current-year PPT decreasing, whereas the importance of previous-year PPT remains constant as mean annual precipitation increases. Finally, our results suggest that ANPP will respond to climate-change-driven alterations in water availability and, more importantly, that the magnitude of the response will increase with time.

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