Morphological–behavioral adaptations of two benthic invertebrate species to face strong bed hydrodynamic forces in a large South-American river

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín C.M. Blettler ◽  
Eliana Eberle ◽  
Juan Bullo ◽  
Inés Ezcurra de Drago ◽  
Mario L. Amsler
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Invertebrate ◽  
Hydrodynamic Forces ◽  
South American ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
Behavioral Adaptations ◽  
American River

The Larvae of Mass Benthic Invertebrate Species in the Plankton of Sevastopol Bay

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
V. V. Murina ◽  
Ye. V. Lisitskaya ◽  
V. K. Shalyapin
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Invertebrate ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
Sevastopol Bay

Reduced drift activity of two benthic invertebrate species is mediated by infochemicals of benthic fish

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schäffer ◽  
Carola Winkelmann ◽  
Claudia Hellmann ◽  
Jürgen Benndorf
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Invertebrate ◽  
Benthic Fish ◽  
Invertebrate Species

Kinship Analysis of Offspring of the Giant South American River Turtle (Podocnemis expansa) Using Microsatellite DNA Markers

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
Cleiton Fantin ◽  
Jorge Ferreira ◽  
Mara Magalhães ◽  
Thais da Silva Damasseno ◽  
Dorothy Ivila de Melo Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Markers ◽  
Microsatellite Dna ◽  
South American ◽  
Kinship Analysis ◽  
American River ◽  
Microsatellite Dna Markers ◽  
Podocnemis Expansa

River Turtle Exploitation: Past and Present

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Moll ◽  
Edward O. Moll
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Central American ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
South American ◽  
American River ◽  
The World ◽  
Nesting Sites ◽  
Old World Tropics ◽  
River Turtles

Turtles and their eggs have long served as an important source of food for humans—almost certainly since very early in the evolution of the hominid lineage, and surely for at least the last 20,000 years (Nicholls, 1977). Evidence in the form of shells and skeletal material (some showing burn marks as evidence of cooking) in the middens of Paleolithic aboriginal cultures, and from eyewitness accounts of explorer-naturalists in more recent times is available from numerous locations around the world (e.g., Bates, 1863; St. Cricq, 1874; Goode, 1967; Rhodin, 1992, 1995; Pritchard, 1994; Lee, 1996; Stiner et al., 1999). Skeletal evidence of river turtles, in particular from such locations as Mohenjodaro and Harappa in the Indus Valley (e.g., Indian narrow-headed softshells and river terrapins), Mayapan, and many other Mesoamerican Mayan sites (e.g., Central American river turtles), and Naga ed-Der of Upper Ancient Egypt (e.g., Nile softshell) suggest that river turtles have helped to support the rise of the world's great civilizations as well (de Treville, 1975; Nath, 1959 in Groombridge & Wright, 1982; Das, 1991; Lee, 1996). Their role continues and, in fact, has expanded as human populations have burgeoned and spread throughout the modern world. River turtles have always been too convenient and succulent a source of protein to ignore. Often large, fecund, and easily collected with simple techniques and equipment, especially in communal nesters which may concentrate at nesting sites in helpless thousands (at least formerly), river turtles are ideal prey. Much of the harvesting has been, and continues to be, conducted in relative obscurity in many parts of the world. Occasionally, however, the sheer magnitude of the resource and its slaughter has attracted the attention of literate observers, such as the early explorer-naturalists of the New and Old World tropics. Their accounts have given us some idea of the former truly spectacular abundance of some riverine species, and the equally spectacular levels of consistent exploitation which have brought them to their modern, much-diminished condition. Summaries of the exploitation of the two best documented examples of destruction of formerly abundant riverine species, the Asian river terrapin, and the giant South American river turtle, are provided under their appropriate geographic sections below.

The locomotion of the comatulid Florometra serratissima (Echinodermata: Crinoidea) and its adaptive significance

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 942-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Shaw ◽  
A. R. Fontaine
Keyword(s):  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
Behavioral Adaptations ◽  
Feeding Modes ◽  
Contact Behaviour ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Oral Surface ◽  
Functional Regionalization ◽  
Ambient Currents ◽  
Made In

Swimming and crawling activities are described from observations made in situ during SCUBA diving and in aquaria. Initial vertical swimming lifts the crinoid to 29 cm mean height. Subsequently, horizontal swimming displaces the crinoid, oral surface foremost, at a mean speed of 6.8 cm/s. Horizontal swimming is achieved by differential arm extension. Behavioral adaptations make use of ambient currents to augment displacement. Swimming mechanics are based on sequential repetition of arm strokes made approximately simultaneously by three coordinated groups of arms, verified experimentally by selective arm removal. The Reynolds number while swimming is calculated to be 8112, with a drag coefficient of 0.0148. Swimming occurs in short, repeatable bursts of 10–30 s. Continuous swimming beyond 4 min provokes a refractory period lasting 5–17 min during which individuals are incapable of swimming. Spontaneous swimming was never observed in situ nor in aquaria, but was elicited by mechanical stimulation or contact with potential predators. Trials with 17 cooccurring invertebrate species of diverse feeding modes show that swimming is provoked by opportunistic carnivores, notably asteroids. Swimming is an escape response against potential predators. Crawling is the primary means of moving from place to place. Crawling is induced by directional currents and by intraspecific contact. Spacing out of individuals within an aggregation may be accomplished by crawling following agonistic contact behaviour. Functional regionalization of the arms is discussed in relation to autotomy and predation.

Do alien North American mink compete for resources with native South American river otter in Argentinean Patagonia?

2009 ◽  
Vol 277 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Fasola ◽  
C. Chehébar ◽  
D. W. Macdonald ◽  
G. Porro ◽  
M. H. Cassini
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
American Mink ◽  
South American ◽  
River Otter ◽  
Argentinean Patagonia ◽  
American River

Temporal trends of metals in benthic invertebrate species from the Balearic Islands, Western Mediterranean

2007 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1545-1558 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Deudero ◽  
A. Box ◽  
D. March ◽  
J.M. Valencia ◽  
A.M. Grau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Benthic Invertebrate ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Balearic Islands ◽  
Invertebrate Species

Embryonic development of the Giant South American River Turtle, Podocnemis expansa (Testudines: Podocnemididae)

Zoomorphology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela S. Magalhães ◽  
Richard C. Vogt ◽  
Antônio Sebben ◽  
Lucas Castanhola Dias ◽  
Moacir Franco de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
South American ◽  
American River ◽  
Podocnemis Expansa

scholarly journals Phylogenomics of piranhas and pacus (Serrasalmidae) uncovers how convergent diets obfuscate traditional morphological taxonomy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Kolmann ◽  
L.C. Hughes ◽  
L.P. Hernandez ◽  
D. Arcila ◽  
R. Betancur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sister Taxon ◽  
South American ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Fossil Calibration ◽  
Morphological Taxonomy ◽  
Exon Capture ◽  
American River ◽  
The Family ◽  
Continental Basin ◽  
Ecological Convergence

ABSTRACTThe Amazon and neighboring South American river basins harbor the world’s most diverse assemblages of freshwater fishes. One of the most prominent South American fish families are the Serrasalmidae (pacus and piranhas), found in nearly every continental basin. Serrasalmids are keystone ecological taxa, being some of the top riverine predators as well as the primary seed dispersers in the flooded forest. Despite their widespread occurrence and notable ecologies, serrasalmid evolutionary history and systematics are controversial. For example, the sister taxon to serrasalmids is contentious, the relationships of major clades within the family are obfuscated by different methodologies, and half of the extant serrasalmid genera are suggested to be non-monophyletic. We used exon capture to explore the evolutionary relationships among 64 (of 99) species across all 16 serrasalmid genera and their nearest outgroups, including multiple individuals per species in order to account for cryptic lineages. To reconstruct the timeline of serrasalmid diversification, we time-calibrated this phylogeny using two different fossil-calibration schemes to account for uncertainty in taxonomy with respect to fossil teeth. Finally, we analyzed diet evolution across the family and comment on associated changes in dentition, highlighting the ecomorphological diversity within serrasalmids. We document widespread non-monophyly within Myleinae, as well as between Serrasalmus and Pristobrycon, and propose that reliance on traits like teeth to distinguish among genera is confounded by ecological convergence, especially among herbivorous and omnivorous taxa. We clarify the relationships among all serrasalmid genera, propose new subfamily affiliations, and support hemiodontids as the sister taxon to Serrasalmidae.

First Report of Female Giant South American River Turtles (Podocnemis expansa) Being Buried Alive During Nesting

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Priscila Saikoski Miorando ◽  
Roberto Victor Lacava ◽  
Raphael Alves Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
South American ◽  
First Report ◽  
American River ◽  
Podocnemis Expansa ◽  
River Turtles
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