The role of avoidance by zooplankton for survival and dominance of toxic phytoplankton

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 144-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhendu Chakraborty ◽  
Sabyasachi Bhattacharya ◽  
Ulrike Feudel ◽  
J. Chattopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Phytoplankton

Modeling the Role of Toxic Substances in a Phytoplankton-Toxic Phytoplankton-Zooplankton System

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 1600-1603
Author(s):  
Jiang Lin Zhao ◽  
Min Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Functional Response ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Bifurcation Diagrams ◽  
Toxic Phytoplankton ◽  
Dynamical Complexity

In this paper, a mathematical model has been proposed, which consists of three variables: non-toxic phytoplankton (NTP), toxin producing phytoplankton (TPP) and zooplankton. In this model, an Monod- Haldane functional response is utilized to identify the grazing process of zooplankton due to the phytoplankton toxicity. The product of square of TPP density with square of NTP density is to depict the allelopathic influence on NTP. Numerical analysis indicates that the phytoplankton toxicity has a significant influence on the dynamical complexity and species biomass level through bifurcation diagrams. All these results are expected to be of significance in exploration of the dynamical complexity of ecosystems.

Harmful algal blooms in fresh and marine water systems: The role of toxin producing phytoplankton

2016 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 1650043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilesh Kumar Thakur ◽  
S. K. Tiwari ◽  
Ranjit Kumar Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Toxic Phytoplankton ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
High Predation ◽  
Predator Switching ◽  
Parameter Values

In this paper, we have investigated a model with three interacting species: non-toxic phytoplankton, toxic phytoplankton and zooplankton with Holling type II and III functional responses over the space and time. The role of toxin producing phytoplankton (TPP) has been studied. We have presented the theoretical analysis of pattern formation in spatially distributed population with local diffusion. The paper highlights the heterogeneity of HABs over space and time. The choice of parameter values and the functional response is important to study the effect of TPP, also it would depend more on the nonlinearity of the system. With the help of numerical simulations, we have observed the spatial and spatiotemporal patterns for plankton system. This study demonstrates that TPP plays an important role in controlling the dynamics. We have observed that prey’s anti-predator efforts promote predator switching. It has been found that high predation of TPP helps for the coexistence of toxic, non-toxic phytoplankton and zooplankton population.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

The role of affect in feelings of obligation

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefen Beeler-Duden ◽  
Meltem Yucel ◽  
Amrisha Vaish
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Sense Of Obligation

Abstract Tomasello offers a compelling account of the emergence of humans’ sense of obligation. We suggest that more needs to be said about the role of affect in the creation of obligations. We also argue that positive emotions such as gratitude evolved to encourage individuals to fulfill cooperative obligations without the negative quality that Tomasello proposes is inherent in obligations.

Refining our understanding of the “elephant in the room”

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Whiten
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Technological Culture

Abstract The authors do the field of cultural evolution a service by exploring the role of non-social cognition in human cumulative technological culture, truly neglected in comparison with socio-cognitive abilities frequently assumed to be the primary drivers. Some specifics of their delineation of the critical factors are problematic, however. I highlight recent chimpanzee–human comparative findings that should help refine such analyses.

Choosing a Markov blanket

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Parr
Keyword(s):  
Markov Blanket ◽  
Target Article ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This commentary focuses upon the relationship between two themes in the target article: the ways in which a Markov blanket may be defined and the role of precision and salience in mediating the interactions between what is internal and external to a system. These each rest upon the different perspectives we might take while “choosing” a Markov blanket.

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