Competitive devaluations and the trade balance in less developed countries: An empirical study of Latin American countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Costamagna
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Latin American Countries

scholarly journals Perfect Capital Mobility, Taxation, Money Illusion, and Devaluations

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (4III) ◽  
pp. 1013-1022
Author(s):  
Syed Zahid Ali
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Capital Mobility ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Money Illusion ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Theoretical Results

Are devaluations contractionary? This question has been with us for a long time. The conventional Keynesian economist holds the view that if devaluation is demandexpansionary, then both output and balance-of-payments will improve with devaluation. Experience, however, shows contrary outcomes. For example, Sheehy (1986), who has covered 16 Latin American countries, concluded that devaluation was highly contractionary in these countries. Edwards (1986), on the other hand, has covered 12 less developed countries (LDCs) and found that devaluations are contractionary in the impact period, while in the long-run they all become neutral. Hamarious (1989) has used the data for the periods 1953-73 and 1975-84 and has covered twenty-seven countries and six devaluation episodes to study the effects of devaluations upon prices and the trade balance. He found that in over 80 percent of the cases, devaluation causes a net improvement in the trade balance both in the impact period and in the middle period. The study concluded that the effects of devaluation upon the trade balance last for two to three years. Such results seriously challenge the theoretical results derived by the conventional economist.

scholarly journals An Empirical Study of Private Saving in Brazil

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLAUDIO PAIVA ◽  
SARWAT JAHAN
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Market Reforms ◽  
Private Saving ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
Latin American Countries

ABSTRACT This paper provides an empirical analysis of the determinants of private saving in Brazil during 1965-2000. Our estimates indicate that the degree of offset between private and public saving is relatively high, in line with evidence for other Latin American countries, although it may have started to decline in recent years. In any case, fiscal policy is identified as one of the main instruments to promote the much needed increase in national saving in Brazil. Additional support to savings could come from continued financial market reforms and trade diversification.

Latin American countries and Russia in the international trade of the main tropical fruits

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-59
Author(s):  
Rafail R. Mukhametzyanov ◽  
◽  
Ana Isabel Fedorchuk Mac-Eachen ◽  
Gulnara K. Dzhancharova ◽  
Nikolay G. Platonovskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Market ◽  
Tropical Fruits ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
The World ◽  
Latin American Countries

The orientation of a part of the population of economically developed countries to a healthy diet, the spread of ideas of vegetarianism, concern for the environment, and relatively higher incomes contributed to an increase in demand for fruits, berries and nuts of tropical and subtropical origin. Some of them, in particular bananas, oranges, tangerines, lemons, have become common food products and practically everyday consumption for the majority of the population of developed countries in the last quarter of the 20th century. In the future, some other types of fresh fruit and berry products from the tropics and subtropics (for example, pineapple, kiwi, avocado) gradually, due to increased production and international trade, also became more economically available to the ordinary consumer. Based on the analysis of statistics from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations for 1961-2019, the article shows a number of trends in international trade (for exports) of major tropical fruits are reflected, with a deeper look at the participation of Latin American countries in this process. It was revealed that some states of this region, such as Mexico, Ecuador, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Colombia, Honduras, Peru, Brazil, Chile, occupy significant positions in the supply of bananas, pineapple, avocado, mango, papaya to the world market. Currently, Russia is one of the largest countries in the world in terms of imports of fruit and berry products, therefore, the issue of its participation as a subject of demand in the world tropical fruit market is raised.

scholarly journals Smoking in Latin America: a major public health problem

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (suppl 3) ◽  
pp. S109-S115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Luiza da Costa e Silva ◽  
Sergio Koifman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Lung Cancer Mortality ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Tobacco Epidemic ◽  
Latin American Countries

Smoking has become a major public health problem in Latin America, and its scope varies from country to country. Despite difficulties in obtaining methodologically consistent data for the region, we analyzed the results from prevalence surveys in 14 Latin American countries. Smoking prevalence among men varied from 24.1% (Paraguay) to 66.3% (Dominican Republic) and among women from 5.5% (Paraguay) to 26,6% (Uruguay). By applying point prevalence data to the stage model of the tobacco epidemic in developed countries, we concluded that the Latin American countries are in stage 2, i.e., with a clearly rising prevalence among men, a prevalence for women that is beginning to increase, and mortality attributable to smoking among men still not reflecting peak prevalence. None of the countries analyzed appeared to have reached stage 3, in which one observes a downward trend in prevalence of smoking among men and peak prevalence among women, with broad impact on tobacco-related mortality. The only exception appears to be Paraguay, which is still emerging from stage 1, i.e., with low prevalence rates among men, too. Nevertheless, high lung cancer mortality rates in Uruguay and Argentina are comparable to those of the developed countries.

Political Development and Socioeconomic Development: The Case of Latin America

1968 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 889-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin C. Needler
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Military Intervention ◽  
Past History ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Latin American Countries

One way of acquiring insight into the processes of political development in Latin America is to compare the countries of the area systematically in terms of the “degree of development” which each can be said to have attained. Ideally, such an enterprise can lead to the understanding of the past history of the “more developed” countries by reference to the present problems of the “less developed” while an understanding of the problems confronting the more developed countries can make possible a glimpse into the future of those now less developed. Isolation of the factors responsible for a state's being more or less developed can moreover prove instructive for the understanding of the relations between political and socioeconomic phenomena.Perhaps most important, such comparisons provide the means for holding constant effects attributable to characteristics shared by all, or nearly all, of the Latin American countries. Thus it can be argued with much plausibility that military intervention in politics, say, derives from elements in the Hispanic tradition. Yet it is clear that the frequency of military intervention varies from country to country, even where they share equally in that tradidition. Thus one is forced to go beyond the “Hispanic tradition” thesis with which the investigation might otherwise have come to rest.In the present article I will be concerned with the problem of the relation of political development to socioeconomic development in the Latin American context. For reasons that will become apparent below, I will not at this point attempt a rigorous analysis of the concept of political development, which has already been the subject of a large and rapidly growing literature.

scholarly journals Neo-liberalism and Global Economic Crises (The changing of the state-market relations in Indonesia)

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Malse Yulivestra
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
South African ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Liberal Ideology ◽  
Market Relations ◽  
Latin American Countries

In globalization era, intervention and influence of developed countries to developing countries are more exist. Those influences are not in form of war or radical ways but more moderate and well organized (deregulation, privatization, and liberalization) through international treaties in International organizations (IMF, WTO, and World Bank).  Many developing countries can describe how it occurs, for instance Latin American countries, South African Countries, and Asian Countries. The interventions give many impacts toward domestic policies in a country. Under Neo Liberal ideology, those international relationships and treaties have changed the paradigm of state, private, and society relations. 

Transformations, Ruptures, and Continuities in the Inter-American Development Bank’s Policy from 1980 to the Present

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-54
Author(s):  
Pablo J. López ◽  
Marcelo Rougier
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Regional Bank ◽  
Developmental Role ◽  
Latin American Countries

This chapter shows that, although the Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) mandate remained unchanged over the course of over fifty years from its creation, the Bank’s lending policies in Latin America changed over time, consistent with the prevailing policy framework in developed countries. Unlike in other multilateral development banks (MDB) with a presence in the region—especially the World Bank—Latin American countries played a bigger role in the IADB’s decision-making process from the very moment the regional bank was created. However, donor countries, in particular the United States, enforced IADB policy guidelines, with a varying degree of conflict over the different periods. The authors establish that the institution underwent a transition phase, which began in the 1980s, marking a move away from a developmental role associated with state-led industrialization processes. The IADB became a supporter of liberalization and deregulation policies in the 1990s and then, from the 2008‒9 global crisis, played a new active role for development.

scholarly journals Brazilian scientific production on phytoplankton studies: national determinants and international comparisons

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 216-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC. Nabout ◽  
FM. Carneiro ◽  
PP. Borges ◽  
KB. Machado ◽  
VLM. Huszar
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Scientific Publication ◽  
High Impact Journal ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Latin American Countries

In this study, we determined the temporal trends of publications by Brazilian authors on phytoplankton and compared these trends to those of other Latin American countries as well as to the 14 countries ranking ahead of Brazil in terms of scientific publication. To do this, we investigated phytoplankton studies published in an international database (Thomson-ISI). The data showed that Brazil plays an important role among other Latin American countries in the publication of these studies. Moreover, the trend of studies published on phytoplankton in Brazil was similar to trends recorded in the developed countries of the world. We conclude that studies can be more deliberately targeted to reduce national and international asymmetries by focusing on projects with large spatial scales and projects that concentrate on less-studied geographic regions, thus encouraging increased productivity in remote areas of the country. Associated with this is a necessary increase in high-impact journal publications, increasing the quantity and quality of Brazilian scientific studies on phytoplankton and, consequently, their global visibility.

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