Spatial analysis with preference specification of latent decision makers for criminal event prediction

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 560-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifei Xue ◽  
Donald E. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Event Prediction ◽  
Preference Specification

scholarly journals Using Spatial Analysis Methods to Evaluate the Soil Contamination of Baghdad City, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 2114 (1) ◽  
pp. 012086
Author(s):  
Hawra A. Hussain ◽  
Sundus A. Abdullah ◽  
Ali A. Al Maliki
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Standard Values

Abstract The current study aims to identify soil pollutants from heavy metals The study utilized 40 topsoil (5 cm) samples, which adapted and divided into seven regions lies in Baghdad governorate, included (Al-Husainya,(Hs) Al-Doura (Do), Sharie Al-Matar (SM), Al-Waziria (Wz), Nharawan (Nh), Abu Ghraib (Abu) and Al-Mahmoodyia (Mh)). Spatial distribution maps of Nickel (Ni), Manganese (Mn), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) were created for Baghdad city using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The concentrations of four heavy metals in the soil of different area of Baghdad were measured and observed using XRF instrument. The result found highest values of Pb and Zn at the middle of the Baghdad in (Wz) area and it reached to 35110 and 720 ppm respectively which exceeded allowed limits values. . While the measurements of the Mn and Ni recorded highest values in (Do) area and reached to 1020 and 170ppm respectively and was within the allowed limits of standard values of soil contamination. The prediction maps of Zn, Pb showed high accumulations in the center and western part of Baghdad city. While the maps of the elements of Mn, Ni showed low accumulations in the eastern and southern part of Baghdad. By using prediction models through which pollution levels can be determination in areas unsampled, which contributes in economic benefits, such as decrease of the required amount of samples in any project, decrease cost of analyzing and using friendly tools. The methodologies incorporated with GIS helps to give a clear picture for decision-makers to take the necessary treatments for polluted areas.

scholarly journals GISIMOS MCDA LAND SUITABILITY MODEL FOR ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-214
Author(s):  
Fatma Aşilioğlu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Land Suitability ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Suitability Index ◽  
Sociocultural Characteristics ◽  
First Time

Ecotourism development planning is a multi-criteria process that generally requires spatial analysis. GISimos MCDA model developed by this study, was presented for the first time and applied to the Kalecik sub-province of Ankara, Turkey to determine the suitable areas and their suitability levels for ecotourism development. The model is based on the evaluation of sub-factors representing the topography, land cover, climate and sociocultural characteristics of the region, with the combination of GIS and the revised Simos procedure, one of the MCDA techniques. It included a series of processes such as determining the suitability rates and weights of sub-factors, calculating the Ecotourism Suitability Index values, and overlapping them using the WLC method. The resulting values were categorized as highly suitable, moderately suitable, marginally suitable, and not suitable areas. The results of this study and the method developed will be helpful for decision-makers and planners in the study area and similar regions.

A spatial machine learning model for analysing customers’ lapse behaviour in life insurance

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Sen Hu ◽  
Adrian O’Hagan ◽  
James Sweeney ◽  
Mohammadhossein Ghahramani
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Life Insurance ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Machine Learning Model ◽  
Lapse Rates

Abstract Spatial analysis ranges from simple univariate descriptive statistics to complex multivariate analyses and is typically used to investigate spatial patterns or to identify spatially linked consumer behaviours in insurance. This paper investigates if the incorporation of publicly available spatially linked demographic census data at population level is useful in modelling customers’ lapse behaviour (i.e. stopping payment of premiums) in life insurance policies, based on data provided by an insurance company in Ireland. From the insurance company’s perspective, identifying and assessing such lapsing risks in advance permit engagement to prevent such incidents, saving money by re-evaluating customer acquisition channels and improving capital reserve calculation and preparation. Incorporating spatial analysis in lapse modelling is expected to improve lapse prediction. Therefore, a hybrid approach to lapse prediction is proposed – spatial clustering using census data is used to reveal the underlying spatial structure of customers of the Irish life insurer, in conjunction with traditional statistical models for lapse prediction based on the company data. The primary contribution of this work is to consider the spatial characteristics of customers for life insurance lapse behaviour, via the integration of reliable government provided census demographics, which has not been considered previously in actuarial literature. Company decision-makers can use the insights gleaned from this analysis to identify customer subsets to target with personalized promotions to reduce lapse rates, and to reduce overall company risk.

Analysis Proximity Menentukan Lokasi Perkebunan Di Lombok Barat

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Ahmat Adil
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Geographical Distance ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Community Or ◽  
Proximity Analysis

Spatial analysis is a technique or process that involves a number of counts and evaluation logic (mathematical) were performed in order to seek or fid potential relationships or patterns (probably) are among the elements of geographical contained in the digital data with limits certain study areas. One of spatial analysis to build support layer around the layer within a certain range is the proximity analysis. Proximity analysis is an analysis based on the geographical distance between layers. In GIS proximity analysis uses a process called buffering to determine the proximity relationship between the nature of the existing sections. Buffer allows to make a certain area limitation of the desired object.West Lombok district is one of the districts with the potential for tourism and a large plantation in the province of West Nusa Tenggara besides Central Lombok and Lombok to the east. Community or inverstor have many options to choose according kriteia gardening location they want. The results of spatial operations conducted as buffers, unions and the query will help to determine the required location. Spatial analysis is helpful to get the location in accordance with defied criteria, such as the distance from roads and settlements, and its land area as needed. Based on the analysis that has been done, a spatial map of  plantation land in accordance with the criteria of very petrifid decision makers.

EURRECA’s Approach for Estimating Micronutrient Requirements

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Matthys ◽  
Pieter van ‘t Veer ◽  
Lisette de Groot ◽  
Lee Hooper ◽  
Adriënne E.J.M. Cavelaars ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Factorial Approach ◽  
Dietary Reference Values ◽  
Health Policy Decision ◽  
Quantitative Integration

In Europe, micronutrient dietary reference values have been established by (inter)national committees of experts and are used by public health policy decision-makers to monitor and assess the adequacy of diets within population groups. The approaches used to derive dietary reference values (including average requirements) vary considerably across countries, and so far no evidence-based reason has been identified for this variation. Nutrient requirements are traditionally based on the minimum amount of a nutrient needed by an individual to avoid deficiency, and is defined by the body’s physiological needs. Alternatively the requirement can be defined as the intake at which health is optimal, including the prevention of chronic diet-related diseases. Both approaches are confronted with many challenges (e. g., bioavailability, inter and intra-individual variability). EURRECA has derived a transparent approach for the quantitative integration of evidence on Intake-Status-Health associations and/or Factorial approach (including bioavailability) estimates. To facilitate the derivation of dietary reference values, EURopean micronutrient RECommendations Aligned (EURRECA) is developing a process flow chart to guide nutrient requirement-setting bodies through the process of setting dietary reference values, which aims to facilitate the scientific alignment of deriving these values.

Haunted by a Doppelgänger

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina von Helversen ◽  
Stefan M. Herzog ◽  
Jörg Rieskamp
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Human Judgment ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
New Employees ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Facial Similarity ◽  
Similarity Effect ◽  
Judgment Strategy

Judging other people is a common and important task. Every day professionals make decisions that affect the lives of other people when they diagnose medical conditions, grant parole, or hire new employees. To prevent discrimination, professional standards require that decision makers render accurate and unbiased judgments solely based on relevant information. Facial similarity to previously encountered persons can be a potential source of bias. Psychological research suggests that people only rely on similarity-based judgment strategies if the provided information does not allow them to make accurate rule-based judgments. Our study shows, however, that facial similarity to previously encountered persons influences judgment even in situations in which relevant information is available for making accurate rule-based judgments and where similarity is irrelevant for the task and relying on similarity is detrimental. In two experiments in an employment context we show that applicants who looked similar to high-performing former employees were judged as more suitable than applicants who looked similar to low-performing former employees. This similarity effect was found despite the fact that the participants used the relevant résumé information about the applicants by following a rule-based judgment strategy. These findings suggest that similarity-based and rule-based processes simultaneously underlie human judgment.

Recognizing Users of the Recognition Heuristic

2008 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 394-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin E. Hilbig ◽  
Rüdiger F. Pohl
Keyword(s):  
Decision Makers ◽  
Recognition Heuristic ◽  
Inference Strategy

The recognition heuristic is hypothesized to be a frugal inference strategy assuming that inferences are based on the recognition cue alone. This assumption, however, has been questioned by existing research. At the same time most studies rely on the proportion of choices consistent with the heuristic as a measure of its use which may not be fully appropriate. In this study, we propose an index to identify true users of the heuristic contrasting them to decision makers who incorporate further knowledge beyond recognition. The properties and the applicability of the proposed index are investigated in the reanalyses of four published experiments and corroborated by a new study drawn up to rectify the shortcomings of the reanalyzed experiments. Applying the proposed index to explore the influence of knowledge we found that participants who were more knowledgeable made use of the information available to them and achieved the highest proportion of correct inferences.

Description of the sources of stress for palliative-care nurses: Implications for decision makers

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lise Fillion ◽  
◽  
Louise Saint-Laurent ◽  
Martine Fortier
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Decision Makers
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document