scholarly journals A cross-sectional examination of the 24-hour movement behaviours in Canadian youth with physical and sensory disabilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 100980
Author(s):  
Kelly P. Arbour-Nicitopoulos ◽  
Rebecca L. Bassett-Gunter ◽  
Jennifer Leo ◽  
Ritu Sharma ◽  
Timothy Olds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Canadian Youth ◽  
Sensory Disabilities

scholarly journals Psychological correlates and binge drinking behaviours among Canadian youth: a cross-sectional analysis of the mental health pilot data from the COMPASS study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e028558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Butler ◽  
Isabella Romano ◽  
Karen Patte ◽  
Mark A Ferro ◽  
Margaret de Groh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Canadian Youth

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine associations between depression, anxiety and binge drinking among a large sample of Canadian youth, while testing the moderating effect of flourishing. This research uses data from the Cannabis, Obesity, Mental health, Physical activity, Alcohol, Smoking, Sedentary Behaviour (COMPASS) study (2012–2021) with a large sample size collecting data on youth health behaviours within Canadian secondary schools.DesignCross-sectionalSetting14 secondary schools across Ontario and British Columbia, Canada.ParticipantsA sample of grade 9–12 students (n=6570) who participated in the Mental Health pilot of the COMPASS studyPrimary and secondary outcome measuresSelf-reported questionnaires assessed student binge drinking behaviours (5≥drinks), symptoms of depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (Revised)−10 scores≥10) and anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale scores≥10), and flourishing (Diener’s Flourishing Scale: 8–40).ResultsIn our sample of 6570 students, 37.0% of students reported binge drinking in the last year, and 41.4% and 31.7% of students report clinically-relevant symptoms of depression and anxiety, respectively. Anxiety (adjusted OR (AOR): 0.57, (99% CI 0.15 to 2.22)) and depression (AOR: 1.98, (99% CI 0.76 to 5.13)) symptoms were not found to be associated with binge drinking and we did not detect any moderating role of flourishing. Rather, factors that were associated with increased odds of binge drinking included sports team participation (AOR: 1.67, (99% CI 1.37 to 2.03)) and use of other substances (tobacco (AOR: 3.00, (99% CI 2.12 to 4.25)) and cannabis (AOR: 7.76, (99% CI 6.36 to 9.46))). Similar associations were found for frequency of binge drinking.ConclusionsConsistent with existing literature, binge drinking behaviours were problematic, as well as clinically-relevant symptoms of depression and anxiety. However, mental health problems and well-being may not be responsible for explaining patterns of binge drinking in youth. Targeted intervention efforts towards student athletes and concurrent substance users are necessary for addressing binge drinking in youth populations.

scholarly journals The prevalence of eating behaviors among Canadian youth using cross-sectional school-based surveys

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather G Lillico ◽  
David Hammond ◽  
Steve Manske ◽  
Donna Murnaghan
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Canadian Youth ◽  
School Based

Patterns of weekday and weekend physical activity in youth in 2 Canadian provinces

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melisa Comte ◽  
Erin Hobin ◽  
Sumit R. Majumdar ◽  
Ronald C. Plotnikoff ◽  
Geoff D.C. Ball ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Canadian Youth ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Canadian Provinces

Few Canadian children are meeting physical activity (PA) guidelines for optimal growth and health. There is little information describing the patterns of PA among Canadian youth, so it is difficult to determine where the deficits occur. The purpose of this study was to identify subgroups of youth and windows of time characterized by low PA and high sedentary behaviour. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 626 youth (aged 10–15 years) in 2 Canadian provinces. The primary exposure variables included geographic setting (rural vs. urban), sex, and days of the week (weekend days vs. weekdays). The primary outcome measures were minutes of light PA, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and sedentary behavior, assessed with accelerometry. Compared with weekdays, MVPA was ∼30% lower on weekend days (55.8 ± 23.0 min vs. 38.7 ± 26.7 min; p < 0.001), whereas light PA was ∼15% higher. Significantly more youth achieved an average of >60 min of MVPA on weekdays than on weekend days (46% vs. 22%; p < 0.001). Sex-specific differences in MVPA were more pronounced on weekdays than on weekend days (∼13 vs ∼8 min per day; p < 0.01). Youth in rural settings achieved ∼9 fewer minutes of MVPA daily than youth in urban settings (p < 0.001). In youth 10 to 15 years of age, daily MVPA is lower and light PA is higher on weekend days than on weekdays. Girls and students living in rural areas were particularly vulnerable to low levels of MVPA.

scholarly journals Vitamin D status and recommendations to improve vitamin D status in Canadian youth

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 718-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Mark
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Canadian Youth ◽  
Dietary Vitamin D

Little is known regarding the vitamin D status of Canadian youth. Our objectives were (i) to describe the vitamin D status of Quebec youth using a representative sample; (ii) to examine the relative contributions of diet, physical activity, and fat mass to the variance in plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25(OH)D), the best biomarker of vitamin D status; and (iii) to examine the influence of household income and food insecurity on the intakes of dietary vitamin D, calcium, and dairy foods. To describe vitamin D status, we used data from the Quebec Child and Adolescent Health and Social Survey (QCAHS), which is a cross-sectional survey representative of Quebec youth aged 9, 13, and 16 years. For the second objective, 159 youth, aged 8 to 11 years, whose parents (at least one) were obese or had the metabolic syndrome, were used for cross-sectional analysis in the Quebec Adipose and Lifestyle InvesTigation in Youth (QUALITY). Fat mass was measured using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and physical activity was assessed by an accelerometer. Finally, we analyzed data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), which collected data from 9 to 18 year olds (N = 8960), and was representative of Canadian youth. From this survey a single 24-h dietary recall, measured height and weight, sociodemographic, and food insecurity information were available. In both the QUALITY and QCAHS study, >90% of youth had suboptimal vitamin D levels (plasma 25(OH)D < 75 nmol·L–1) at the end of winter and beginning of spring. In the QCAHS study, older youth had a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 27.5 nmol·L–1) (>10%) than younger youth, and girls from low-income households had lower plasma 25(OH)D concentrations. In the QUALITY study, milk consumption and physical activity had modest associations with plasma 25(OH)D, corresponding to 2.9 nmol·L–1 and 2.1 nmol·L–1 higher plasma 25(OH)D per standard deviation increase in these exposures, respectively. In the CCHS study, we found evidence that milk intake was being displaced by sweetened beverages among low-income boys and food insecure girls. We conclude that population-wide measures to increase dietary vitamin D intake should be examined in Canadian youth.

scholarly journals Trends in youth e-cigarette and cigarette use between 2013 and 2019: insights from repeat cross-sectional data from the COMPASS study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam G. Cole ◽  
Sarah Aleyan ◽  
Kate Battista ◽  
Scott T. Leatherdale
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
The United States ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Canadian Youth ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Current Cigarette

Abstract Objectives E-cigarettes are an increasingly popular product among youth in Canada. However, there is a lack of long-term data presenting trends in use. As such, the objective of this study was to examine trends in e-cigarette and cigarette use across various demographic characteristics between 2013 and 2019 among a large sample of secondary school youth in Canada. Methods Using repeat cross-sectional data from a non-probability sample of students in grades 9 to 12, this study explored trends in the prevalence of ever and current e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking between 2013–2014 and 2018–2019 in British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario, and Quebec. Trends in ever and current e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking were studied across demographic variables among students in Ontario. Results The prevalence of e-cigarette ever and current use was variable across province and increased over time, particularly between 2016–2017 and 2018–2019. In contrast, the prevalence of current cigarette smoking was relatively stable over the study period, decreasing significantly in Alberta and Ontario between 2017–2018 and 2018–2019. In Ontario, the prevalence of ever and current e-cigarette use increased among all grades, both genders, and all ethnicities. Conclusion Consistent with data from the United States, the prevalence of e-cigarette use among our large sample of Canadian youth has increased substantially in a short period of time. Surveillance systems should continue to monitor the prevalence of tobacco use among youth. Additional interventions may be necessary to curb e-cigarette use among Canadian youth.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Urban Form on Children and Adolescent Health Outcomes: A Scoping Review of Canadian Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4180
Author(s):  
Tona M. Pitt ◽  
Janet Aucoin ◽  
Tate HubkaRao ◽  
Suzanne Goopy ◽  
Jason Cabaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children And Adolescent ◽  
Canadian Youth ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Study Designs

Urban form can have an impact on health outcomes in children, and the synthesis of findings can identify gaps in the literature and regional reviews may help guide policymakers. This study aims to complete a scoping review of the research relating urban form to health outcomes in children and adolescents from urban Canadian settings. Thirteen online databases were searched to identify studies that had objective measures of urban form and health outcomes. Two research assistants independently reviewed 27,444 titles and abstracts, and 176 full-text articles, returning 32 unique studies with youth-specific data. The majority of the included studies were cross-sectional or ecological (n = 26). Six studies used Canada-wide data and the rest were from Ontario (n = 11), Alberta (n = 6), and Quebec (n = 6). Urban form characteristics included neighbourhood food environment (n = 11), parks/natural space/greenness (n = 10), road or intersection characteristics (n = 7), and aggregated urban form measures (n = 7). Studies examined a variety of health outcomes: the majority considered weight status (n = 16) and injury (n = 10). Although there is over-reliance on mainly cross-sectional study designs, there is evidence suggesting that urban form is associated with health outcomes in Canadian youth, with parks/greenspace, road connectivity, and road characteristics most consistently associated with health outcomes in youth.

scholarly journals Examining the impact of the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic period on youth cannabis use: adjusted annual changes between the pre-COVID and initial COVID-lockdown waves of the COMPASS study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott T. Leatherdale ◽  
Richard E. Bélanger ◽  
Rabi Joël Gansaonré ◽  
Karen A. Patte ◽  
Margaret deGroh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Period Change ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Double Difference ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Canadian Youth ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Given the high rates of cannabis use among Canadian youth and that adolescence is a critical period for cannabis use trajectories, the purpose of this paper was to examine the effect of the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic period on youth cannabis use in the context of a natural experiment. We used 3-year linked data from the COMPASS study, including 7653 Canadian (Quebec, Ontario) adolescents from which 1937 completed all 3 survey waves (pre-COVID-19 [2018, 2019] and online [2020] during the early pandemic period [May–July 2020]). Structural equation modeling (SEM) and double difference (DD) models were used to estimate pre-COVID-19 to initial COVID-19 pandemic period change (2019–2020) in cannabis use (monthly, weekly, daily) compared to 2018 to 2019 change to adjust for age-related effects. Models were adjusted for age of entry into the cohort and sociodemographic characteristics. Results In the SEM and DD models, monthly, weekly, and daily cannabis use increased across all waves; however, the expected increases from the pre-COVID-19 wave (2019) to the initial COVID-19 period wave (2020) were lesser relative to the changes seen across the 2018 to 2019 waves. The cross-sectional data from May to July 2020 identified that the majority of youth who use cannabis did not report increased cannabis use due to COVID-19 or using cannabis to cope with COVID-19. Conclusion During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic period, there does not appear to be a detrimental effect on youth cannabis use, when adjusted for age-related changes. Further prospective research is needed to explore the impact of the ongoing pandemic response on youth cannabis use onset and progression.

scholarly journals The Research on Eating and Adolescent Lifestyle (REAL) Study Protocol: A Shared Biopsychosocial Model for Predicting Eating Disorders and Obesity in Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine Flament ◽  
Annick Buchholz ◽  
Katherine A. Henderson ◽  
Nicole Obeid ◽  
Gary S. Goldfield
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Biopsychosocial Model ◽  
Pubertal Stage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Canadian Youth ◽  
Design And Methods

This manuscript describes the rationale, design and methods of the Research on Eating and Adolescent Lifestyles Study (REAL), which from 2006-2013, aimed to test an integrative biopsychosocial model of cross-sectional and longitudinal predictors and developmental mechanisms for both eating disorders (EDs) and obesity in a large sample of Canadian youth. The present study examined predictors from four main areas of risk: biological (e.g. weight status, pubertal stage), environmental (e.g. societal influences), individual (e.g. self-perception), and eating and weight specific behaviors (e.g. disordered eating) to test direct and indirect paths for both ED and obesity simultaneously as outcomes. Participants were recruited based on a convenience sample from 43 urban and rural public schools, and data collection ran from 2006-2013. The cross sectional sample consisted of 3043 males and females in grades 7-12. The longitudinal sample was comprised of 1197 students in grades 7 and 9 who completed annual follow ups for 7 years. The REAL study is unique as it proposes a biopsychosocial model to explain EDs and obesity in adolescents under parallel processes within a single model, and is more integrative and comprehensive than previous models. Findings from this study were intended to inform prevention initiatives and further the understanding of the etiological similarities amongst EDs and obesity in a large sample of both male and female youth across adolescence.

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