scholarly journals Dynamic Buffering of Extracellular Chemokine by a Dedicated Scavenger Pathway Enables Robust Adaptation during Directed Tissue Migration

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-508.e10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mie Wong ◽  
Lionel R. Newton ◽  
Jonas Hartmann ◽  
Marco L. Hennrich ◽  
Malte Wachsmuth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Migration

Utilization of 3D MRI for the Evaluation of Sphincter Pharyngoplasty Insertion Site in Patients With Velopharyngeal Dysfunction

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562110446
Author(s):  
Kazlin N. Mason ◽  
John E. Riski ◽  
Joseph K. Williams ◽  
Richard A. Jones ◽  
Jamie L. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Insertion Site ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
3D Mri ◽  
Scar Contracture ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Initial Location ◽  
Tissue Changes ◽  
Sphincter Pharyngoplasty ◽  
Tissue Migration

Sphincter pharyngoplasty is a surgical method to treat velopharyngeal dysfunction. However, surgical failure is often noted and postoperative assessment frequently reveals low-set pharyngoplasties. Past studies have not quantified pharyngoplasty tissue changes that occur postoperatively and gaps remain related to the patient-specific variables that influence postoperative change. The purpose of this study was to utilize advanced three-dimensional imaging and volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data to visualize and quantify pharyngoplasty insertion site and postsurgical tissue changes over time. A prospective, repeated measures design was used for the assessment of craniometric and velopharyngeal variables postsurgically. Imaging was completed across two postoperative time points. Tissue migration, pharyngoplasty dimensions, and predictors of change were analyzed across imaging time points. Significant differences were present between the initial location of pharyngoplasty tissue and the pharyngoplasty location 2 to 4 months postoperatively. The average postoperative inferior movement of pharyngoplasty tissue was 6.82 mm, although notable variability was present across participants. The pharyngoplasty volume decreased by 30%, on average. Inferior migration of the pharyngoplasty tissue was present in all patients. Gravity, scar contracture, and patient-specific variables likely interact, impacting final postoperative pharyngoplasty location. The use of advanced imaging modalities, such as 3D MRI, allows for the quantification and visualization of tissue change. There is a need for continued identification of patient-specific factors that may impact the amount of inferior tissue migration and scar contracture postoperatively.

Experimental infection of the cockroachPeriplaneta americanawithToxocara canisand the establishment of patent infections in pups

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.K. Sasmal ◽  
T.K. Pahari ◽  
R. Laha
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Tissue Migration ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

AbstractThe possible role of the cockroachPeriplaneta americanain the transmission ofToxocara caniseggs and larvae via faeces and tissue migration was studied. Cockroaches fed with 3 × 105and 5 × 105embryonated eggs were found to harbour viable eggs and larvae from days 1 to 5 post-infection (DPI). At necropsy on 5 DPI, eggs and larvae were also recovered from the rectal contents but not from the tissues of cockroaches. In addition patent infections were established in pups fed on infected faeces of cockroaches, with eggs first appearing in the faeces of pups at 38 DPI. Adult worms ofT. caniswere also recovered at necropsy. Therefore the importance of cockroaches as good mechanical disseminators of ascarid eggs, especiallyT. canis, is discussed.

An in vivo mammary infusion model for tissue migration of leucocytes during inflammation

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 497-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRIS J GREENHALGH ◽  
HELEN J JACOBS ◽  
ELS NT MEEUSEN
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Migration

Chemokine Receptor Expression, Migration, and Survival of NK Cells Expanded with Mbil-15 or Mbil-21

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 4683-4683
Author(s):  
Dean Lee ◽  
Maureen Aliru ◽  
Cecele J. Denman ◽  
Srinivas S. Somanchi
Keyword(s):  
Nk Cells ◽  
Chemokine Receptors ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Xenograft Model ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Tissue Migration

Abstract Abstract 4683 Natural killer (NK) cells can kill malignant or virus-infected cells through the interaction of activating and inhibitory receptors without needing specific antigen recognition of target cells, and therefor have broad therapeutic applications for treatment of human malignancies. However, due to their limited life-span in vivo and poor expansion in vitro, production of sufficient numbers of NK cells for effective adoptive immunotherapy poses an obstacle. Genetically engineered artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPCs) consisting of K562 modified 4-1BBL and membrane bound IL-15 or IL-21 have been reported for their ability to support ex vivo NK cell proliferation. aAPCs with mbIL-21 were shown to promote increased proliferation of NK cells with shorter telomeres, but differences in in vivo survival or tumor or tissue migration have not been assessed. Tumor and/or tissue migration is primarily mediated by the expression of chemokine receptors. Using aAPCs bearing mbIL15 or mbIL21, we expanded NK cells for 3 weeks and assessed their expression of chemokine receptors, organ migration, and in vivo survival in a xenograft model. Propagated NK cells showed relatively similar levels of low to modest expression of CCR2, CCR7, CXCR4 and CXCR5, and high expression levels of CXCR3. Mean CCR5 expression levels were similar on cells that were positive, but CCR5 was expressed on a higher percentage of NK cells expanded with mbIL-15 than those expanded with mbIL-21. In contrast, about 20% of mbIL-21 expanded NK cells expressed CX3CR1 expression whereas mbIL-15 NK cells showed almost no expression of this receptor. Results from ongoing migration and survival experiments will also be presented. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

The evolution of tissue migration by parasitic nematode larvae

Parasitology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Read ◽  
A. Sharping
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Skin Penetration ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Nematode Larvae ◽  
Morphological Adaptations ◽  
Juvenile Habitat ◽  
Tissue Migration ◽  
Adult Habitat ◽  
Tissue Phase

SUMMARYMigration by nematode larvae through the tissues of their mammalian hosts can cause considerable pathology, and yet the evolutionary factors responsible for this migratory behaviour are poorly understood. The behaviour is particularly paradoxical in genera such as Ascaris and Strongylus in which larvae undergo extensive migrations which begin and end in the same location. The orthodox explanation for this apparently pointless behaviour is that a tissue phase is a developmental requirement following the evolutionary loss of skin penetration or intermediate hosts. Yet tissue migration is not always necessary for development, and navigation and survival in an array of different habitats must require costly biochemical and morphological adaptations. Migrating larvae also risk becoming lost or killed by the host. Natural selection should therefore remove such behaviour unless there are compensating benefits. Here we propose that migration is a selectively advantageous life-history strategy. We show that taxa exploiting tissue habitats during development are, on average, bigger than their closest relatives that develop wholly in the gastrointestinal tract. Time to reproduction is the same, indicating that worms with a tissue phase during development grow faster. This previously unsuspected association between juvenile habitat and size is independent of any effects of adult habitat, life-cycle, or host size, generation time or diet. Because fecundity is intimately linked with size in nematodes, this provides an explanation for the maintenance of tissue migration by natural selection, analogous to the pre-spawning migrations of salmon.

Cell Migration Ability Test for Bioactive Ceramics toward International Standardization of Ceramics for Regenerative Medicine

2011 ◽  
Vol 493-494 ◽  
pp. 836-839
Author(s):  
Masanori Kikuchi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Migration Ability ◽  
Ability Test ◽  
Bioactive Ceramics ◽  
Cell Tissue ◽  
Mg63 Cells ◽  
Tissue Migration

International standard for test method on cell migration into a scaffold is one of the important things to evaluate the scaffold. The "cell migration" ability can divide into two parts. One is infiltration of cell suspension before in vitro cell culture on the scaffold. Another is migration of adherent cells from the edge of scaffold. The latter one could be closely related to cell/tissue migration into the scaffold when it is implanted into bone. Thus, in the present study, the cell migration ability was evaluated toward standardization of in vitro evaluation method for in vivo cell/tissue migration ability using several bioactive ceramics and composites including commercially available materials. The specimen 5 mm in diameter was placed on confluent MG63 cell layer. After 3 days incubation, the specimen was harvested, fixed and divided into two parts. Inside and outside of the scaffold were stained by Giemsa and observed by optical microscopy. In addition, the same specimen was critical point dried and observed with scanning electron microscope (SEM). From microscopic observation, MG63 cells migrated to pore walls of the specimen as well as a sidewall. Maximum migration distances were different among specimens and seemed to depend on pore structure and size as well as porosity. Similar behaviors were observed with SEM.Even relations between this test method and in vivo cell/tissue migration have not been evaluated, this test method is potentially a good method for testing cell migration ability of porous bioactive ceramics as well as other porous scaffold materials.

Proteinase activity in the plerocercoid of Proteocephalus ambloplitis (Cestoda)

Parasitology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Polzer ◽  
R. M. Overstreet ◽  
H. Taraschewski
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Chelating Agents ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Proteinase Activity ◽  
Host Liver ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Chromatographic Techniques ◽  
Tissue Migration ◽  
Enzyme Class

SUMMARYHost invasion and tissue migration of several helminths have been linked to expression and release of parasite-derived proteinases. The plerocercoid of the cestode Proteocephalus ambloplitis can migrate into the visceral organs or, in the case of bass, from them into the intestinal tract of the same individual fish. It does this within a few hours, aided by secretion of a substance from its apical gland. Proteinase activity in this plerocercoid, obtained from the host liver, was defined by pH optimum, by substrate and inhibitor specificity, and by electrophoretic and chromatographic techniques. Homogenates of plerocercoid contained a metalloproteinase exhibiting a molecular weight of 30000 determined by gelatin substrate gel electrophoresis. Peak activity of this proteolytic enzyme in gel filtration fractions when azocoll was used as substrate then corresponded to a molecular weight of 31500. The proteinase showed collagenolytic, haemoglobinolytic and slight elastinolytic activity, and it had a pH optimum at 9·0. Enzyme activity could be inhibited by various chelating agents. The metalloproteinase identified in this study constitutes the only enzyme class present in this larval stage of P. ambloplitis. We suggest that the plerocercoid's metalloproteinase is the substance secreted from the apical organ, necessary for the previously recognized tissue migration phase. This enzyme might also have a nutritional function.

Brugia pahangi: In vivo tissue migration of early L3 alters gene expression

2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon R. Chirgwin ◽  
Sharon U. Coleman ◽  
Thomas R. Klei
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Brugia Pahangi ◽  
Tissue Migration

TISSUE MIGRATION CAPABILITY OF LARVAL AND ADULT BRUGIA PAHANGI

2006 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon R. Chirgwin ◽  
Sharon U. Coleman ◽  
Kristina H. Porthouse ◽  
Thomas R. Klei
Keyword(s):  
Brugia Pahangi ◽  
Tissue Migration
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