scholarly journals Neurexin Restricts Axonal Branching in Columns by Promoting Ephrin Clustering

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-106.e4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Liu ◽  
Yao Tian ◽  
Xiao-yan Zhang ◽  
Xinwang Zhang ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Axonal Branching

Axonal branching patterns of nucleus accumbens neurons in the rat

2010 ◽  
Vol 518 (22) ◽  
pp. 4649-4673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anushree Tripathi ◽  
Lucía Prensa ◽  
Carolina Cebrián ◽  
Elisa Mengual
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Axonal Branching ◽  
Branching Patterns

Axonal Branching and Growth Cone Structure Depend on Target Cells

1993 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Berman ◽  
D. Moss ◽  
S. Bursztajn
Keyword(s):  
Growth Cone ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Axonal Branching ◽  
Cone Structure

scholarly journals Quantitative trait locus mapping identifies Col4a6 as a novel regulator of striatal dopamine level and axonal branching in mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélanie H. Thomas ◽  
Yujuan Gui ◽  
Pierre Garcia ◽  
Mona Karout ◽  
Christian Jaeger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Development ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Radial Glia ◽  
Dorsal Striatum ◽  
Striatal Dopamine ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Dopamine Level ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Axonal Branching

AbstractThe features of dopaminergic neurons (DAns) of nigrostriatal circuitry are orchestrated by a multitude of yet unknown factors, many of them genetic. Genetic variation between individuals at baseline can lead to differential susceptibility to and severity of diseases. As decline of DAns, a characteristic of Parkinson’s disease, heralds a significant decrease in dopamine level, measuring dopamine can reflect the integrity of DAns. To identify novel genetic regulators of the integrity of DAns, we used the Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse strains as model system to search for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to dopamine levels in the dorsal striatum. The dopamine levels in dorsal striatum varied greatly in the eight CC founder strains, and the differences were inheritable in 32 derived CC strains. QTL mapping in these CC strains identified a QTL associated with dopamine level on chromosome X containing 393 genes. RNA-seq analysis of the ventral midbrain of two of the founder strains with large striatal dopamine difference (C57BL/6J and A/J) revealed 24 differentially expressed genes within the QTL. The protein-coding gene with the highest expression difference was Col4a6, which exhibited a 9-fold reduction in A/J compared to C57BL/6J, consistent with decreased dopamine levels in A/J. Publicly available single cell RNA-seq data from developing human midbrain suggests that Col4a6 is highly expressed in radial glia-like cells and neuronal progenitors, indicating possible involvement in neurogenesis. Interestingly, the lowered dopamine levels were accompanied by reduced striatal axonal branching of striatal DAns in A/J compared to C57BL/6J. Because Col4a6 is known to control axogenesis in non-mammal model organisms, we hypothesize that different dopamine levels in mouse dorsal striatum are due to differences in axogenesis induced by varying COL4A6 levels during neural development.

Axonal branching of the olivocerebellar projection in the rat: A double-labeling study

1989 ◽  
Vol 284 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Hrycyshyn ◽  
H. Ghazi ◽  
B. A. Flumerfelt
Keyword(s):  
Double Labeling ◽  
Axonal Branching

Axonal branching pattern and coupling mechanisms of the cerebral giant neurones in the snail,lymnaea stagnalis

1981 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 405-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Goldschmeding ◽  
Yvonne A. van Duivenboden ◽  
J. C. Lodder
Keyword(s):  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
Axonal Branching ◽  
Coupling Mechanisms

Opposing roles for neurotrophin-3 in targeting and collateral formation of distinct sets of developing cortical neurons

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (15) ◽  
pp. 3335-3345
Author(s):  
V. Castellani ◽  
J. Bolz
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Axonal Guidance ◽  
Cortical Circuits ◽  
Axonal Branching ◽  
Guidance Cue ◽  
Neurotrophin 3 ◽  
Cortical Membranes ◽  
Opposing Effects

Neurotrophin-3 and its receptor TrkC are expressed during the development of the mammalian cerebral cortex. To examine whether neurotrophin-3 might play a role in the elaboration of layer-specific cortical circuits, slices of layer 6 and layers 2/3 neurons were cultured in the presence of exogenously applied neurotrophin-3. Results indicate that neurotrophin-3 promotes axonal branching of layer 6 axons, which target neurotrophin-3-expressing layers in vivo, and that it inhibits branching of layers 2/3 axons, which avoid neurotrophin-3-expressing layers. Such opposing effects of neurotrophin-3 on axonal branching were also observed with embryonic cortical neurons, indicating that the response to neurotrophin-3 is specified at early developmental stages, prior to cell migration. In addition to its effects on fiber branching, axonal guidance assays also indicate that neurotrophin-3 is an attractive signal for layer 6 axons and a repellent guidance cue for layers 2/3 axons. Experiments with specific antibodies to neutralize neurotrophin-3 in cortical membranes revealed that endogenous levels of neurotrophin-3 are sufficient to regulate branching and targeting of cortical axons. These opposing effects of neurotrophin-3 on specific populations of axons demonstrate that it could serve as one of the signals for the elaboration of local cortical circuits.

scholarly journals Branching Thalamic Afferents Link Action and Perception

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 539-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Guillery
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Visual Pathways ◽  
Perceptual Processing ◽  
Axonal Branching ◽  
Action And Perception ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Anatomical Evidence

Recent observations of single axons and review of older literature show that axons afferent to the thalamus commonly branch, sending one branch to the thalamus and another to a motor or premotor center of the brain stem. That is, the messages that the thalamus relays to the cerebral cortex can be regarded as copies of motor instructions. This pattern of axonal branching is reviewed, particularly for the somatosensory and the visual pathways. The extent to which this anatomical evidence relates to views that link action to perception is explored. Most pathways going through the thalamus to the cortex are already involved in motor mechanisms. These motor links occur before and during activity in the parallel and hierarchical corticocortical circuitry that currently forms the focus of many studies of perceptual processing.

Signalling mechanisms regulating axonal branching in vivo

BioEssays ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 977-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Schmidt ◽  
Fritz G. Rathjen
Keyword(s):  
Axonal Branching

scholarly journals Axonal Branching Patterns as Sources of Delay in the Mammalian Auditory Brainstem: A Re-Examination

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 3016-3031 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Karino ◽  
P. H. Smith ◽  
T. C. T. Yin ◽  
P. X. Joris
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Axonal Branching ◽  
Branching Patterns
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