Beneficial effects of melatonin on morphological changes in postnatal cerebellar tissue owing to epileptiform activity during pregnancy in rats: Light and immunohistochemical study

2005 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiğit Uyanıkgil ◽  
Mehmet Turgut ◽  
Utku Ateş ◽  
Meral Baka ◽  
Mine E. Yurtseven
Keyword(s):  
Immunohistochemical Study ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Epileptiform Activity ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cerebellar Tissue

The Effects of Colchicine on the Progression and Regression of Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devrim Bozkurt ◽  
Selahattin Bicak ◽  
Savas Sipahi ◽  
Huseyin Taskin ◽  
Ender Hur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Compact Zone ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wbc Count

Background Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is an infrequent but extremely serious complication of long-term peritoneal dialysis. Fibrosis of the submesothelial compact zone and neoangiogenesis underlie the pathophysiology of EPS. Colchicine is a well-known anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic agent that has been used for some fibrosing clinical states, such as liver fibrosis. Objective To determine the antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects of colchicine in an EPS rat model in both progression (P) and regression (R). Methods 48 nonuremic albino Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: control group, 2 mL isotonic saline intraperitoneally (IP) daily for 3 weeks; CG group, IP injection of 2 mL/200 g chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) (0.1%) and ethanol (15%) dissolved in saline, daily for 3 weeks; resting group, CG (0 – 3 weeks) + peritoneal resting (4 – 6 weeks); C-R group, CG (0 – 3 weeks) + 1 mg/L colchicine (4 – 6 weeks); C-P group, CG (0 – 3 weeks) + 1 mg/L colchicine in drinking water (0 – 3 weeks). At the end, a 1-hour peritoneal equilibration test was performed with 25 mL 3.86% peritoneal dialysis solution. Dialysate-to-plasma ratio of urea (D/P urea), dialysate WBC count, ultrafiltration volume, and morphological changes of parietal peritoneum were examined. Result Exposure to CG for 3 weeks resulted in alterations in peritoneal transport (increased D/P urea, decreased ultrafiltration volume; p < 0.05) and morphology (increased inflammation, neovascularization, fibrosis, and peritoneal thickness; p < 0.05). Resting had some beneficial effects on peritoneal derangements; however, once the peritoneum had been stimulated, resting alone was not enough to reverse these pathological changes. Colchicine had more pronounced effects on membrane integrity via decreased inflammation, cell infiltration, and vascularity compared to the resting group. Conclusion We suggest that colchicine may have therapeutic value in the management of EPS.

scholarly journals Fetal surgery for spina bifida

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Dewan ◽  
John C. Wellons
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Morbidity ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Fetal Surgery ◽  
Maternal Factors ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Fetal Repair ◽  
Technical Innovations ◽  
Level 1

The two-hit hypothesis of neural injury in the wake of open neural tube defects suggests an opportunity for preservation of function and potential reversibility of early morphological changes in the fetus diagnosed with myelomeningocele. The Management of Myelomeningocele Study (MOMS) demonstrated reduced need for shunting and improved neurological function in patients treated in utero relative to postnatally, thereby offering level 1 evidence supporting fetal repair. Subsequent studies have offered additional information about urological, orthopedic, radiological, and maternal factors surrounding fetal repair. The quest for robust long-term neurocognitive and motor function data is underway and poised to shape the future of fetal repair. In addition, technical innovations such as fetoscopic surgery aim to minimize maternal morbidity while conferring the beneficial effects observed with open intrauterine intervention.

A low chronic ethanol exposure induces morphological changes in the adolescent rat brain that are not fully recovered even after a long abstinence: An immunohistochemical study

2006 ◽  
Vol 200 (2) ◽  
pp. 438-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Gustavo Evrard ◽  
Maite Duhalde-Vega ◽  
Patricia Tagliaferro ◽  
Sebastián Mirochnic ◽  
Laura Romina Caltana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Immunohistochemical Study ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Chronic Ethanol ◽  
Chronic Ethanol Exposure

scholarly journals Calcitriol and Erythropoietin Protect Against Cardiac Injury Induced by Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 6718-6727 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
Renal Ischemia ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Cardiac Damage ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Tubular Necrosis ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Cardiac abnormalities and dysfunction are the most important complications after renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR). Thus, investigation and development of effective treatment to decrease cardiac damage induced by renal ischemia are necessary. This study examined the effects of treatment with calcitriol and erythropoietin (EPO) on cardiac injury induced by renal ischemia. Wistar albino rats were unilaterally nephrectomized and subjected to 45 min of renal pedicle occlusion, followed by 24 h reperfusion. Calcitriol and EPO were administered before ischemia. After 24 h reperfusion, blood samples were collected for the determination of biochemical parameters, and kidney and cardiac samples were taken for histological studies. Renal IR increased BUN-Cr levels, lipid profiles, and myocardial injury markers (CK-MB and LDH). Histopathological findings of the IR group confirmed that there were glomerular atrophy and acute tubular necrosis in the renal tissues and lymphocyte infiltration and intercellular edema in the cardiac samples. Treatment with calcitriol and EPO boosted cardiac and renal functions and improved the morphological changes. It seems that calcitriol or EPO administration could protect against the kidney and cardiac damage induced by IR. Also, the combination of calcitriol and EPO may exert more beneficial effects than either agent used alone.

scholarly journals Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum ZS62 on Alcohol-Induced Subacute Hepatic Damage

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yi Gan ◽  
Xiufeng Chen ◽  
Ruokun Yi ◽  
Xin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Lactobacillus Delbrueckii ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Antioxidative Status ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Better Than

Lactobacillus plantarum ZS62 is a newly isolated strain from naturally fermented yogurt that might offer some beneficial effects in the setting of alcohol-induced subacute liver injury. The liver-protective effect of L. plantarum ZS62 was investigated by gavage feeding of mice with this Lactobacillus strain ( 1 × 10 9 CFU/kg BW) before alcohol administration daily for 7 days. We then compared hepatic morphology, liver function indexes, liver lipid levels, inflammation, oxidative stress levels, and mRNA expression of oxidative metabolism- and inflammation-related genes in mice that had been pretreated with Lactobacillus plantarum versus control mice that had not been pretreated. Our results showed that L. plantarum ZS62 attenuated alcohol-induced weight loss; prevented morphological changes in hepatocytes; reduced markers of liver damage including aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), hyaluronidase (HAase), precollagen III (PC III), and inflammatory cytokines; and enhanced the antioxidative status. L. plantarum ZS62 also significantly downregulated inflammation-related genes and upregulated lipid- and oxidative-metabolism genes. Thus, Lactobacillus plantarum pretreatment appears to confer hepatic protection by reducing inflammation and enhancing antioxidative capacity. The protective effect of L. plantarum ZS62 was even better than that of a commonly used commercial lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus). The L. plantarum ZS62 might be a potentially beneficial prophylactic treatment for people who frequently drink alcoholic beverages.

The Effects of Renin–angiotensin System Inhibition on Regression of Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devrim Bozkurt ◽  
Pinar Cetin ◽  
Savas Sipahi ◽  
Ender Hur ◽  
Hasim Nar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Parietal Peritoneum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peritoneal Fibrosis ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Background Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a clinical syndrome associated with symptoms of ileus and irreversible sclerosis of both visceral and parietal peritoneum. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients rarely develop EPS, a severe life-threatening condition of unknown pathogenesis. Angiotensin II is known to promote fibrosis and inflammation in various tissues. Renin–angiotensin system (RAS) blockade provides advantages in the course of diseases such as hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and proteinuria. We have also previously shown that RAS blockade has beneficial effects on hypertonic (3.86%) PD solution-induced peritoneal alterations. Because it shares the same characteristics as other fibrotic processes, peritoneal fibrosis can benefit from RAS blockade. Objective To determine the advantages of RAS blockade in regression of EPS. Methods We divided 56 nonuremic albino Wistar rats into 6 groups: control group ( n = 10), daily intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 2 mL isotonic saline for 3 weeks; CG group ( n = 10), daily IP injection of 2 mL/200 g chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) for 3 weeks; resting group ( n = 10), daily IP injection of CG (0 – 3 weeks) plus peritoneal rest (4 – 6 weeks). After 3 weeks of being injected with CG (0 – 3 weeks), a fourth group ( n = 9) was treated with 100 mg/L enalapril (ENA group); a fifth group ( n = 10) was treated with 80 mg/L valsartan (VAL group), and a sixth group ( n = 7) was treated with 100 mg/L enalapril + 80 mg/L valsartan (ENA+VAL group) in drinking water for an additional 3 weeks (4 – 6 weeks). At the end, a 1-hour peritoneal equilibration test was performed with 25 mL 3.86% PD solution. Dialysate-to-plasma ratio of urea (D/P urea), dialysate WBC count, ultrafiltration volume (UF), and morphological changes of parietal peritoneum were examined. Results Exposure to CG for 3 weeks resulted in alterations in peritoneal transport (increased D/P urea, decreased UF volume; p < 0.05) and morphology (increased inflammation, neovascularization, fibrosis, and peritoneal thickness; p < 0.05). Peritoneal rest had some beneficial effect only on UF failure and dialysate cell count ( p < 0.05). However, RAS blockade was more effective than peritoneal rest with respect to UF volume, vascularity ( p < 0.05), and peritoneal thickness ( p > 0.05). Dual blockade of RAS had no additional beneficial effects. Conclusion We suggest that RAS blockade either with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers may be a more effective option than resting in the management of EPS.

scholarly journals Thymosin β4-Enhancing Therapeutic Efficacy of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Mouse Ischemic Hindlimb Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2166
Author(s):  
Jong-Ho Kim ◽  
I-Rang Lim ◽  
Chi-Yeon Park ◽  
Hyung Joon Joo ◽  
Ji-Min Noh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Endothelial Differentiation ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Thymosin Β4 ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) is a G-actin sequestering protein that contributes to diverse cellular activities, such as migration and angiogenesis. In this study, the beneficial effects of combined cell therapy with Tβ4 and human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) in a mouse ischemic hindlimb model were investigated. We observed that exogenous treatment with Tβ4 enhanced endogenous TMSB4X mRNA expression and promoted morphological changes (increased cell length) in hASCs. Interestingly, Tβ4 induced the active state of hASCs by up-regulating intracellular signaling pathways including the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK/ERK pathways. Treatment with Tβ4 significantly increased cell migration and sprouting from microbeads. Moreover, additional treatment with Tβ4 promoted the endothelial differentiation potential of hASCs by up-regulating various angiogenic genes. To evaluate the in vivo effects of the Tβ4-hASCs combination on vessel recruitment, dorsal window chambers were transplanted, and the co-treated mice were found to have a significantly increased number of microvessel branches. Transplantation of hASCs in combination with Tβ4 was found to improve blood flow and attenuate limb or foot loss post-ischemia compared to transplantation with hASCs alone. Taken together, the therapeutic application of hASCs combined with Tβ4 could be effective in enhancing endothelial differentiation and vascularization for treating hindlimb ischemia.

scholarly journals Phytic Acid Decreases Oxidative Stress and Intestinal Lesions Induced by Fumonisin B1 and Deoxynivalenol in Intestinal Explants of Pigs

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisângela O. Da Silva ◽  
Juliana R. Gerez ◽  
Miriam S. N. Hohmann ◽  
Waldiceu A. Verri ◽  
Ana Paula F. R. L. Bracarense
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Cyclooxygenase 2 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
E Cadherin

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of phytic acid (IP6) on morphological and immunohistochemical parameters and oxidative stress response in intestinal explants of pigs exposed to fumonisin B1 (FB1) and/or deoxynivalenol (DON). The jejunal explants were exposed to the following treatments: vehicle, IP6 5 mM, DON 10 µM, FB1 70 µM, DON 10 µM + FB1 70 µM, DON 10 µM + IP6 5 mM, FB1 70 µM + IP6 5 mM, and DON 10 µM + FB1 70 µM + IP6 5 mM. The decrease in villus height and goblet cell density was more evident in DON and DON + FB1 treatments. In addition, a significant increase in cell apoptosis and cell proliferation and a decrease in E-cadherin expression were observed in the same groups. DON and FB1 exposure increased cyclooxygenase-2 expression and decreased the cellular antioxidant capacity. An increase in lipid peroxidation was observed in DON- and FB1-treated groups. IP6 showed beneficial effects, such as a reduction in intestinal morphological changes, cell apoptosis, cell proliferation, and cyclooxygenase-2 expression, and an increase in E-cadherin expression when compared with DON, FB1 alone, or DON and FB1 in association. IP6 inhibited oxidative stress and increased the antioxidant capacity in the explants exposed to mycotoxins.

Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis is attenuated by a monoclonal antibody targeting HER2

2007 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 2077-2083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihane A. Faress ◽  
David E. Nethery ◽  
Elizabeth F. O. Kern ◽  
Rosana Eisenberg ◽  
Frank J. Jacono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Significant Survival ◽  
Lung Injury Model ◽  
Pharmacological Blockade ◽  
Her2 Signaling

The importance of HER2/HER3 signaling in decreasing the effects of lung injury was recently demonstrated. Transgenic mice unable to signal through HER2/HER3 had significantly less bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and showed a survival benefit. Based on these data, we hypothesized that pharmacological blockade of HER2/HER3 in vivo in wild-type mice would have the same beneficial effects. We tested this hypothesis in a bleomycin lung injury model using 2C4, a monoclonal antibody directed against HER2 that blocks HER2/HER3 signaling. The administration of 2C4 before injury decreased the effects of bleomycin at days 15 and 21 after injury. HER2/HER3 blockade resulted in less collagen deposition (362.8 ± 37.9 compared with 610.5 ± 27.1 μg/mg; P = 0.03) and less lung morphological changes (injury score of 1.99 ± 1.55 vs. 3.90 ± 0.76; P < 0.04). In addition, HER2/HER3 blockade resulted in a significant survival advantage with 50% vs. 25% survival at 30 days ( P = 0.04). These results confirm that HER2 signaling can be pharmacologically targeted to reduce lung fibrosis and remodeling after injury.

scholarly journals Eurycomanone regulates lipid metabolism by activating the cAMP/PKA pathway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihui Jiang ◽  
Haote Han ◽  
Shouxin Li ◽  
Jingkui Tian ◽  
Zhiyuan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Hormone Sensitive Lipase ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Pharmacologic Agent ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia ◽  
Pka Pathway

AbstractEurycoma longifolia Jack (ELJ) contains mainly alkaloids, and quassinoids, which are the main active ingredients. Eurycomanone (EN), one of the most common quassinoids, is said to have beneficial effects on lipid and glucose metabolism. In this study, we investigated the effects of EN on lipolysis by establishing a high-fat animal model in vivo and evaluated its efficacy as a lipolytic and anti-fatty liver agent. Oil red O staining showed morphological changes of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes after EN treatment and confirmed the inhibitory effects of EN on adipocyte differentiation. The mechanism of EN promotes lipolysis in 3T3-L1 cells was analyzed by immunofluorescence, Western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR and siRNA transfection. In C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet, intragastric administration of EN (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) for two weeks, decreased fat droplet mass and size, and reduced fat accumulation in the liver. Furthermore, EN activated PKA and promoted the PKA/hormone sensitive lipase lipolysis signaling pathway, thereby increasing the release of glycerol and free fatty acids from adipocytes. Our findings indicate the potential of EN as a promising alternative pharmacologic agent for the prevention of obesity.

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