scholarly journals Enhanced efficiency of the executive attention network after training in preschool children: Immediate changes and effects after two months

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. S192-S204 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rosario Rueda ◽  
Puri Checa ◽  
Lina M. Cómbita
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Executive Attention ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Executive Attention Network

Prefrontal and Executive Attention Network Lesions and the Development of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Symptomatology

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey E Max ◽  
Facundo F Manes ◽  
Brigitte A.M. Robertson ◽  
Katherine Mathews ◽  
Peter T Fox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Executive Attention ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Executive Attention Network

Development of executive attention in preschool children

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 498-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Backen Jones ◽  
Mary K. Rothbart ◽  
Michael I. Posner
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Executive Attention

Attention function after childhood stroke

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 976-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEFFREY E. MAX ◽  
DONALD A. ROBIN ◽  
H. GERRY TAYLOR ◽  
KEITH O. YEATES ◽  
PETER T. FOX ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Neuropsychological Function ◽  
Executive Attention ◽  
Childhood Stroke ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Attention Networks ◽  
Attention Function ◽  
Executive Attention Network

We investigated attentional outcome after childhood stroke and orthopedic diagnosis in medical controls. Twenty-nine children with focal stroke lesions and individually matched children with clubfoot or scoliosis were studied with standardized attention and neuroimaging assessments. Stroke lesions were quite varied in location and commonly involved regions implicated in Posner's model of attention networks. Children with stroke lesions performed significantly more poorly regarding attention function compared with controls. Performance on the Starry Night, a test demanding alerting and sensory-orienting but not executive attention function, was significantly associated with lesion size in the alerting and sensory-orienting networks but not the executive attention network. Furthermore, earlier age at lesion acquisition was significantly associated with poorer attention function even when lesion size was controlled. These findings support the theory of dissociable networks of attention and add to evidence from studies of children with diffuse and focal brain damage that early insults are associated with worse long-term outcomes in many domains of neuropsychological function. In addition, these results may provide clues towards the understanding of mechanisms underlying attention in children. (JINS, 2004,10, 976–986.)

Multisensory cueing and the attention network test in aging

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Jeannette R. Mahoney ◽  
Joe Verghese ◽  
Kristina Dumas ◽  
Cuiling Wang ◽  
Roee Holtzer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Multisensory Processing ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Attention Network Test ◽  
Executive Attention ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Visual Orienting ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Main Effects

The Attention Network Test (ANT) assesses the effect of alerting and orienting cues on a visual flanker task measuring executive attention. Previous findings revealed that older adults demonstrate greater RT benefits when provided with visual orienting cues that offer both spatial and temporal information of an ensuing target. Given the overlap of neural correlates involved in multisensory processing and cueing (i.e., alerting and orienting), especially in the superior colliculus, thalamus, superior temporal and parietal regions, an investigation of multisensory cueing effects was warranted. The current study was designed to determine whether participants, both old and young, benefited from receiving multisensory alerting and orienting cues on a visual flanker task. Eighteen young (M = 19.17 yrs) and eighteen old (M = 76.44 yrs) individuals that were determined to be non-demented and without any medical or psychiatric conditions that would affect their performance were included. Results revealed main effects for the executive attention and orienting networks, but not for the alerting network. In terms of orienting, both old and young adults demonstrated significant orienting effects for auditory–somatosensory (AS), auditory–visual (AV), and visual–somatosensory (VS) cues. Benefits of multisensory compared to unisensory averaged orienting effects differed by cue type and age group; younger adults demonstrated significantly greater RT benefits for AS orienting cues whereas older adults demonstrated significantly greater RT benefits for AV orienting cues. Both groups, however, demonstrated significant RT benefits for VS orienting cues. These findings provide evidence for the facilitative effect of multisensory orienting cues, and not multisensory alerting cues, in old and young adults.

scholarly journals Alerting, orienting, and executive attention in older adults

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 877-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEANNETTE R. MAHONEY ◽  
JOE VERGHESE ◽  
YELENA GOLDIN ◽  
RICHARD LIPTON ◽  
ROEE HOLTZER
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Attention Network Test ◽  
Executive Attention ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Attention Networks ◽  
Low Blood Pressure ◽  
Main Effects

AbstractThe Attention Network Test (ANT) assesses alerting, orienting, and executive attention. The current study was designed to achieve three main objectives. First, we determined the reliability, effects, and interactions of attention networks in a relatively large cohort of non-demented older adults (n= 184). Second, in the context of this aged cohort, we examined the effect of chronological age on attention networks. Third, the effect of blood pressure on ANT performance was evaluated. Results revealed high-reliability for the ANT as a whole, and for specific cue and flanker types. We found significant main effects for the three attention networks as well as diminished alerting but enhanced orienting effects during conflict resolution trials. Furthermore, increased chronological age and low blood pressure were both associated with significantly worse performance on the executive attention network. These findings are consistent with executive function decline in older adults and the plausible effect of reduced blood flow to the frontal lobes on individual differences in attention demanding tasks. (JINS, 2010,16, 877–889.)

scholarly journals Temperament and brain networks of attention

2018 ◽  
Vol 373 (1744) ◽  
pp. 20170254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael I. Posner ◽  
Mary K. Rothbart
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Executive Attention ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Attention Networks ◽  
Executive Attention Network

The attention networks of the human brain are important control systems that develop from infancy into adulthood. While they are common to everyone, they differ in efficiency, forming the basis of individual differences in attention. We have developed methods for measuring the efficiency of these networks in older children and adults and have also examined their development from infancy. During infancy the alerting and orienting networks are dominant in control of the infant's actions, but later an executive network dominates. Each network has been associated with its main neuromodulator and these have led to associations with genes related to that network neuromodulator. The links between parent reports of their child's effortful control and the executive attention network allow us to associate molecular mechanisms to fundamental behavioural outcomes. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Diverse perspectives on diversity: multi-disciplinary approaches to taxonomies of individual differences’.

scholarly journals Attention network functioning in children with anxiety disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and non-clinical anxiety

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 2633-2646 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Mogg ◽  
G. A. Salum ◽  
B. P. Bradley ◽  
A. Gadelha ◽  
P. Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Specific Phobia ◽  
Executive Attention ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Task Irrelevant

BackgroundResearch with adults suggests that anxiety is associated with poor control of executive attention. However, in children, it is unclear (a) whether anxiety disorders and non-clinical anxiety are associated with deficits in executive attention, (b) whether such deficits are specific to anxiety versus other psychiatric disorders, and (c) whether there is heterogeneity among anxiety disorders (in particular, specific phobia versus other anxiety disorders).MethodWe examined executive attention in 860 children classified into three groups: anxiety disorders (n = 67), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; n = 67) and no psychiatric disorder (n = 726). Anxiety disorders were subdivided into: anxiety disorders excluding specific phobia (n = 43) and specific phobia (n = 21). The Attention Network Task was used to assess executive attention, alerting and orienting.ResultsFindings indicated heterogeneity among anxiety disorders, as children with anxiety disorders (excluding specific phobia) showed impaired executive attention, compared with disorder-free children, whereas children with specific phobia showed no executive attention deficit. Among disorder-free children, executive attention was less efficient in those with high, relative to low, levels of anxiety. There were no anxiety-related deficits in orienting or alerting. Children with ADHD not only had poorer executive attention than disorder-free children, but also higher orienting scores, less accurate responses and more variable response times.ConclusionsImpaired executive attention in children (reflected by difficulty inhibiting processing of task-irrelevant information) was not fully explained by general psychopathology, but instead showed specific associations with anxiety disorders (other than specific phobia) and ADHD, as well as with high levels of anxiety symptoms in disorder-free children.

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