Bovine Respiratory Disease: Pathogenesis, Clinical Signs, and Treatment in Lightweight Calves

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Apley
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Disease Pathogenesis

Early detection and treatment for bovine respiratory disease

Livestock ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 254-260
Author(s):  
Tim Potter
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Costs Of Treatment ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
On Farm

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a complex syndrome that can cause significant economic impact on farm through the immediate costs of treatment as well as long-term production losses, and increased risk of mortality or premature departure from the herd. The clinical signs and pathology are due in part to the host's response to inflammatory mediators that are produced in reaction to the presence of the pathogens. Variation in individual animals' responses to the sepsis associated with BRD result in the spectrum of clinical signs and disease severity observed on farm. The variation in clinical picture presents a diagnostic challenge for farmers and can negatively impact disease detection. The use of objective scoring systems for BRD can facilitate the detection and provide a means of monitoring disease at a herd or group level. While antimicrobials remain the mainstay of BRD treatment on farm, the use of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) alongside them has become commonplace, with the aim of promoting more rapid recovery via their analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic actions.

Pasteurella haemolytica A1 and Bovine Respiratory Disease: Pathogenesis

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence O. Whiteley ◽  
Samuel K. Maheswaran ◽  
Douglas J. Weiss ◽  
Trevor R. Ames ◽  
Mathur S. Kannan
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Pasteurella Haemolytica ◽  
Disease Pathogenesis

scholarly journals Comparison of Pasteurella spp. Simultaneously Isolated from Nasal and Transtracheal Swabs from Cattle with Clinical Signs of Bovine Respiratory Disease

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-332
Author(s):  
D. C. DeRosa ◽  
G. D. Mechor ◽  
J. J. Staats ◽  
M. M. Chengappa ◽  
T. R. Shryock
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Matched Pair ◽  
Matched Pairs

ABSTRACT Twenty-four matched pairs of isolates of Pasteurella haemolytica and three matched pairs of isolates of Pasteurella multocida were isolated by using a nasal swab and a transtracheal swab from individual calves with clinical signs of bovine respiratory disease. The identity of each matched pair was confirmed biochemically and serologically. The similarity of the isolates obtained from a nasal swab and from a transtracheal swab was compared by using ribotyping and antibiotic susceptibility analyses. Although the calves were sampled only once with a nasal and a transtracheal swab, when both samples were bacteriologically positive the nasal swab identified the same bacterial species as the transtracheal swab 96% of the time. The nasal swab isolate was genetically identical to the transtracheal isolate in 70% of the matched pairs. Six different ribotypes were observed for the P. haemolytica isolates, while only one ribotype was observed for the limited number of P. multocida isolates. Of the six P. haemolytica ribotypes, two ribotypes predominated. All the paired isolates displayed similar susceptibility to ceftiofur, erythromycin, tilmicosin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and florfenicol, with some minor variations for ampicillin and spectinomycin. These results suggest that a nasal swab culture can be predictive of the bacterial pathogen within the lung when the isolates are from an acutely ill animal and can be used to determine antibiotic susceptibility.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Development of Bovine Respiratory Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study in Beef Steers Shipped From France to Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Padalino ◽  
Francesco Cirone ◽  
Martina Zappaterra ◽  
Daniele Tullio ◽  
Gigliola Ficco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Histophilus Somni

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a complex, multifactorial syndrome and one of the major welfare and economical concerns for the cattle industry. This 1-year cross-sectional study was aimed at documenting the prevalence of BRD-related pathogens and clinical signs before and after a long journey and at identifying possible predisposition factors. Male Limousine beef steers (n = 169) traveling from France to Italy were health checked and sampled with Deep Nasopharyngeal Swabs (DNS) at loading (T0) and 4 days after arrival (T1). Real-time quantitative PCR was used to quantify the presence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), bovine adenovirus (BAdV), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3), Histophilus somni, Mannheimia haemolytica, Mycoplasma bovis, and Pasteurella multocida. Weather conditions at departure and arrival were recorded, and the travel conditions were taken from the travel documentation. At T0, even if no animals displayed clinical signs, some of them were already positive for one or more pathogens. At T1, the number of animals displaying clinical signs and positive for BCoV, BAdV, BRSV, H. somni, M. haemolytica, M. bovis, and P. multocida increased dramatically (p < 0.001). Transport also significantly increased co-infection passing from 16.0% at T0 to 82.8% at T1 (p < 0.001). An extra stop during the journey seemed to favor BRSV, M. haemolytica, and P. multocida (p < 0.05). Weather conditions, in particular sudden climate changes from departure to arrival and daily temperature variance, were found to be predisposing factors for many of the pathogens. The farm of arrival also played a role for BRSV, BAdV, and H. somni (p < 0.05). BCoV increased dramatically, but no associations were found confirming that it spreads easily during transport phases. Our findings increased our understanding of factors increasing the likelihood of BRD-related pathogens shedding and can be useful to minimize the incidence of BRD and to implement animal transport regulations.

scholarly journals Determination of bacterial aetiologic factor on tracheobronchial lavage in relation to clinical signs of bovine respiratory disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 1137-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Augusto França Dias de Oliveira ◽  
Natália Carrillo Gaeta ◽  
Bruno Leonardo Mendonça Ribeiro ◽  
Mário Augusto Reyes Alemán ◽  
Lucas Miranda Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs

0375 Clinical signs associated with bovine respiratory disease diagnosis and high heritability in beef and dairy cattle

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. 181-182
Author(s):  
J. N. Kiser ◽  
C. M. Seabury ◽  
J. F. Taylor ◽  
J. E. Womack ◽  
R. Hagevoort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
High Heritability

scholarly journals Agreement between bovine respiratory disease scoring systems for pre-weaned dairy calves

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharif S. Aly ◽  
William J. Love ◽  
Deniece R. Williams ◽  
Terry W. Lehenbauer ◽  
Alison Van Eenennaam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Scoring ◽  
Case Status ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
On Farm

AbstractClinical scoring systems have been proposed for respiratory disease diagnosis in calves, including the Wisconsin (WI) system (McGuirk in 2008) which uses five clinical signs, each partitioned into four levels of severity. Recently, we developed the California (CA) bovine respiratory disease (BRD) scoring system requiring less calf handling and consisting of six clinical signs, each classified as normal or abnormal. The objective of this study was to estimate the on-farm agreement between the WI and the CA scoring systems. A total of 100 calves were enrolled on a CA dairy and assessed for BRD case status using the two scoring systems simultaneously. The Kappa coefficient of agreement between these two systems was estimated to be 0.85, which indicated excellent agreement beyond chance. The simpler design and reduced calf handling required by the CA BRD scoring system may make it advantageous for on-farm use.

scholarly journals Bacterial pathogens of the lower respiratory tract of calves from Brazilian rural settlement herds and their association with clinical signs of bovine respiratory disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália C. Gaeta ◽  
Bruno L.M. Ribeiro ◽  
Mario A.R. Alemán ◽  
Eidi Yoshihara ◽  
Alessandra F.C. Nassar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Staphylococcus Intermedius

ABSTRACT: Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is considered the major cause of economic losses in dairy and beef cattle production. The study aimed to detect the most important bacteria related to respiratory disease in tracheobronchial fluid samples of healthy and dairy calves with clinical signs of BRD in Brazilian rural settlements. Hundred and forty-one mongrel dairy calves were randomly selected from 42 family farm dairy herds from Brazilian settlements. Physical examination was performed and calves were classified as healthy (n=100) and BRD (n=41). Tracheobronchial fluid samples were collected. Isolation and molecular detection of Mycoplasma dispar, M. bovis and M. mycoides subsp. mycoides SC besides isolation of other aerobic bacteria were performed. Abnormal lung sounds (crackle/snoring/whistle), mucopurulent/purulent nasal discharge, body temperature >39.5°C and respiratory rate >40 breaths/min were higher in BRD calves compared to healthy calves (P<0.05). Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus intermedius and non-fermentative Gram-negative were the most prevalent bacteria isolated. Non-identified species from Enterobacteriaceae family was higher in BRD calves compared to healthy calves (P<0.05). Mollicutes were isolated in 7.4% of samples and only M. dispar was detected. Mollicutes was associated with purulent/mucopurulent nasal discharge (P=0.017). Pantoea agglomerans was associated to tachypnea (P=0.020), and Streptococcus spp. was associated with hyperthermia. Statistical tendencies were observed to M. dispar and tachypnea (P=0.066), and P. agglomerans and tachycardia (P=0.066). The obtained results describe the microorganisms found in tracheobronchial fluid of calves with BRD in some herds of Brazilian family farming and their relation to clinical signs of BRD.

scholarly journals Serological investigation of antibodies against respiratory viruses in calves from Brazilian family farming and their relation to clinical signs of bovine respiratory disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 642-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália C. Gaeta ◽  
Bruno L.M. Ribeiro ◽  
Mario A.R. Alemán ◽  
Eidi Yoshihara ◽  
Eduardo C. Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Syncytial Virus

ABSTRACT: Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is responsible for economic losses in cattle production. Viruses are categorized as primary etiological agents. The aims of this study were to evaluate the presence of antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine herpes virus type 1 (BoHV-1), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) in healthy and BRD calves from family farming in relation to clinical signs of BRD. Hundred and forty-five calves were randomly selected and physical examination was performed. Only 123 animals were classified as healthy and BRD calves. Antibodies were evaluated by virus neutralization test. Person’s Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were performed as univariate analysis. Binary Logistic Regression was applied as multivariate analysis. Variables with P<0.10 were considered statistically significant. Variables with 0.15<P<0.10 were considered as statistical tendencies. Antibodies against BoHV-1, BVDV, and BRSV were detected in 32%, 23% and 37% animals. Antibodies against both three viruses were detected in 26.8% of calves. The presence of antibodies against BRSV were associated to normal heart rates (P=0.018) and unilateral airflow (P=0.035). Tendency was observed to unilateral airflow (P=0.06) Statistical tendencies were observed to Ab-BoHV-1 and body temperature (P=0.119) and breathing pattern (P=0.123). The profile of antibodies against respiratory viruses in calves from Brazilian family farming was firstly described. The results confirmed the importance of some clinical signs to viral infection.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document