scholarly journals Dissection of Cortical Microcircuits by Single-Neuron Stimulation In Vivo

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 1459-1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex C. Kwan ◽  
Yang Dan
Keyword(s):  
Single Neuron ◽  
Cortical Microcircuits

scholarly journals A method for single-neuron chronic recording from the retina in awake mice

Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 360 (6396) ◽  
pp. 1447-1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guosong Hong ◽  
Tian-Ming Fu ◽  
Mu Qiao ◽  
Robert D. Viveros ◽  
Xiao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Single Neuron ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Neural Circuitry ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Chronic Recording ◽  
The Brain

The retina, which processes visual information and sends it to the brain, is an excellent model for studying neural circuitry. It has been probed extensively ex vivo but has been refractory to chronic in vivo electrophysiology. We report a nonsurgical method to achieve chronically stable in vivo recordings from single retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in awake mice. We developed a noncoaxial intravitreal injection scheme in which injected mesh electronics unrolls inside the eye and conformally coats the highly curved retina without compromising normal eye functions. The method allows 16-channel recordings from multiple types of RGCs with stable responses to visual stimuli for at least 2 weeks, and reveals circadian rhythms in RGC responses over multiple day/night cycles.

scholarly journals Combining single-cell RNA-sequencing with a molecular atlas unveils new markers for Caenorhabditis elegans neuron classes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramiro Lorenzo ◽  
Michiho Onizuka ◽  
Matthieu Defrance ◽  
Patrick Laurent
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Single Neuron ◽  
Genetic Manipulations ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Single Cell Rna Sequencing ◽  
Normal Differentiation

Abstract Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) of the Caenorhabditis elegans nervous system offers the unique opportunity to obtain a partial expression profile for each neuron within a known connectome. Building on recent scRNA-seq data and on a molecular atlas describing the expression pattern of ∼800 genes at the single cell resolution, we designed an iterative clustering analysis aiming to match each cell-cluster to the ∼100 anatomically defined neuron classes of C. elegans. This heuristic approach successfully assigned 97 of the 118 neuron classes to a cluster. Sixty two clusters were assigned to a single neuron class and 15 clusters grouped neuron classes sharing close molecular signatures. Pseudotime analysis revealed a maturation process occurring in some neurons (e.g. PDA) during the L2 stage. Based on the molecular profiles of all identified neurons, we predicted cell fate regulators and experimentally validated unc-86 for the normal differentiation of RMG neurons. Furthermore, we observed that different classes of genes functionally diversify sensory neurons, interneurons and motorneurons. Finally, we designed 15 new neuron class-specific promoters validated in vivo. Amongst them, 10 represent the only specific promoter reported to this day, expanding the list of neurons amenable to genetic manipulations.

Long-lasting single-neuron labeling by in vivo electroporation without microscopic guidance

2013 ◽  
Vol 218 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Oyama ◽  
Shinya Ohara ◽  
Sho Sato ◽  
Fuyuki Karube ◽  
Fumino Fujiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Neuron ◽  
In Vivo Electroporation

Safety of Hybrid Electrodes for Single-Neuron Recordings in Humans

Neurosurgery ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Hefft ◽  
Armin Brandt ◽  
Stefan Zwick ◽  
Dominik von Elverfeldt ◽  
Irina Mader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Neuron ◽  
Electrode Implantation ◽  
Intraoperative Computed Tomography ◽  
Postoperative Mri ◽  
Depth Electrodes ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Clinical Mri

Abstract BACKGROUND: Intracranial in vivo recordings of individual neurons in humans are increasingly performed for a better understanding of the mechanisms of epileptogenesis and of the neurobiological basis of cognition. So far, information about the safety of stereotactic implantations and of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with hybrid depth electrodes is scarce. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess neurosurgical safety of implantations, recordings, and imaging using hybrid electrodes in humans. METHODS: Perioperative and long-term safety of implantation of a total of 88 hybrid depth electrodes with integrated microwires was assessed retrospectively in 25 consecutive epilepsy patients who underwent implantation of electrodes from 2007 to 2011 based on electronically stored charts. Safety aspects of MRI are reported from both in vitro and in vivo investigations. Precision of electrode implantation is evaluated based on intraoperative computed tomography and pre- and postoperative MRI. RESULTS: There was no clinically relevant morbidity associated with the use of hybrid electrodes in any of the patients. Precision of recordings from the targets aimed at was similar to that of standard depth electrodes. In vitro studies demonstrated the absence of relevant heating of hybrid electrodes with newly designed connectors with MRI at 1.5 T, corresponding to well-tolerated clinical MRI in patients. CONCLUSION: Given the technical approach described here, precise targeting and safe use are possible with hybrid electrodes containing microwires for in vivo recording of human neuronal units.

scholarly journals Injection with Toxoplasma gondii protein affects neuron health and survival

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar A Mendez ◽  
Emiliano Flores Machado ◽  
Jing Lu ◽  
Anita Koshy
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Single Neuron ◽  
Latent Infection ◽  
Medium Spiny Neurons ◽  
Patch Clamping ◽  
Spiny Neurons ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Mapping Program

Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite that causes a long-term latent infection of neurons. Using a custom MATLAB-based mapping program in combination with a mouse model that allows us to permanently mark neurons injected with parasite proteins, we found that Toxoplasma-injected neurons (TINs) are heterogeneously distributed in the brain, primarily localizing to the cortex followed by the striatum. In addition, we determined that cortical TINs are commonly (>50%) excitatory neurons (FoxP2+) and that striatal TINs are often (>65%) medium spiny neurons (MSNs) (FoxP2+). By performing single neuron patch-clamping on striatal TINs and neighboring uninfected MSNs, we discovered that TINs have highly aberrant electrophysiology. As approximately 90% of TINs will die by 8 weeks post-infection, this abnormal physiology suggests that injection with Toxoplasma protein— either directly or indirectly— affects neuronal health and survival. Collectively, these data offer the first insights into which neurons interact with Toxoplasma and how these interactions alter neuron physiology in vivo.

scholarly journals Bombesin-like peptide recruits disinhibitory cortical circuits and enhances fear memories

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Melzer ◽  
Elena Newmark ◽  
Grace Or Mizuno ◽  
Minsuk Hyun ◽  
Adrienne C. Philson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ◽  
Cortical Circuits ◽  
Gastrin Releasing Peptide ◽  
Neuropeptide Receptors ◽  
Selective Targeting ◽  
Cortical Microcircuits ◽  
Grp Receptor

SummaryDisinhibitory neurons throughout the mammalian cortex are powerful enhancers of circuit excitability and plasticity. The differential expression of neuropeptide receptors in disinhibitory, inhibitory and excitatory neurons suggests that each circuit motif is controlled by distinct neuropeptidergic systems. Here, we reveal that a bombesin-like neuropeptide, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), recruits disinhibitory cortical microcircuits through selective targeting and activation of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-expressing cells. Using a newly-developed genetically-encoded GRP sensor and trans-synaptic tracing we reveal that GRP regulates VIP cells via extrasynaptic diffusion from several putative local and long-range sources. In vivo photometry and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of the GRP receptor (GRPR) in auditory cortex indicate that VIP cells are strongly recruited by novel sounds and aversive shocks, and that GRP-GRPR signaling enhances auditory fear memories. Our data establish peptidergic recruitment of selective disinhibitory cortical microcircuits as a mechanism to regulate fear memories.

scholarly journals Single-neuron recordings from unanesthetized mouse dorsal cochlear nucleus

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 824-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Li Diana Ma ◽  
Stephan D. Brenowitz
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Nucleus ◽  
Single Neuron ◽  
Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Auditory Neuroscience ◽  
Neuronal Mechanisms ◽  
Auditory Physiology ◽  
Complex Spikes

Because of the availability of disease and genetic models, the mouse has become a valuable species for auditory neuroscience that will facilitate long-term goals of understanding neuronal mechanisms underlying the perception and processing of sounds. The goal of this study was to define the basic sound-evoked response properties of single neurons in the mouse dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN). Neurons producing complex spikes were distinguished as cartwheel cells (CWCs), and other neurons were classified according to the response map scheme previously developed in DCN. Similar to observations in other rodent species, neurons of the mouse DCN exhibit relatively little sound-driven inhibition. As a result, type III was the most commonly observed response. Our findings are generally consistent with the model of DCN function that has been developed in the cat and the gerbil, suggesting that this in vivo mouse preparation will be a useful tool for future studies of auditory physiology.

scholarly journals Estimating average single-neuron visual receptive field sizes by fMRI

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (13) ◽  
pp. 6425-6434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios A. Keliris ◽  
Qinglin Li ◽  
Amalia Papanikolaou ◽  
Nikos K. Logothetis ◽  
Stelios M. Smirnakis
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Single Neuron ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
Visual Receptive Field ◽  
Noninvasive Estimation ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Early Visual Cortex

The noninvasive estimation of neuronal receptive field (RF) properties in vivo allows a detailed understanding of brain organization as well as its plasticity by longitudinal following of potential changes. Visual RFs measured invasively by electrophysiology in animal models have traditionally provided a great extent of our current knowledge about the visual brain and its disorders. Voxel-based estimates of population RF (pRF) by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in humans revolutionized the field and have been used extensively in numerous studies. However, current methods cannot estimate single-neuron RF sizes as they reflect large populations of neurons with individual RF scatter. Here, we introduce an approach to estimate RF size using spatial frequency selectivity to checkerboard patterns. This method allowed us to obtain noninvasive, average single-neuron RF estimates over a large portion of human early visual cortex. These estimates were significantly smaller compared with prior pRF methods. Furthermore, fMRI and electrophysiology experiments in nonhuman primates demonstrated an exceptionally good match, validating the approach.

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