scholarly journals Mechanosensitive Channels Protect Plastids from Hypoosmotic Stress During Normal Plant Growth

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 408-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kira M. Veley ◽  
Sarah Marshburn ◽  
Cara E. Clure ◽  
Elizabeth S. Haswell
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mechanosensitive Channels ◽  
Normal Plant ◽  
Hypoosmotic Stress

scholarly journals A semi-dominant mutation in OsCESA9 improves biomass enzymatic digestibility and salt tolerance by relatively remodeling cell walls in rice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafeng Ye ◽  
Shuoxun Wang ◽  
Kun Wu ◽  
Yan Ren ◽  
Hongrui Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Normal Plant ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Straw Return ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Background: Cellulose synthase (CESA) mutants have potential use in straw processing due to their lower cellulose content, but almost all of the mutants exhibit defective phenotypes in plant growth and development. Balancing normal plant growth with reduced cellulose content remains a challenge, as cellulose content and normal plant growth are typically negatively correlated with one another. Result: Here, the rice (Oryza sativa) semi-dominant brittle culm (sdbc) mutant Sdbc1, which harbors a substitution (D387N) at the first conserved aspartic acid residue of OsCESA9, exhibits lower cellulose content and reduced secondary wall thickness as well as enhanced biomass enzymatic saccharification compared with the wild type (WT). Further experiments indicated that the OsCESA9D387N mutation may compete with the wild-type OsCESA9 for interacting with OsCESA4 and OsCESA7, further forming non-functional or partially functional CSCs. The OsCESA9/OsCESA9D387N heterozygous plants increase salt tolerance through scavenging and detoxification of ROS and indirectly affecting related gene expression. They also improve rice straw return to the field due to their brittle culms and lower cellulose content without any negative effects in grain yield and lodging. Conclusion: Hence, manipulation of OsCESA9D387N can provide the perspective of the rice straw for biofuels and bioproducts due to its improved enzymatic saccharification.

RECLAMATION OF A SALINE-SODIC SOIL WITH SHALLOW TILE DRAINAGE

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Van Schaik ◽  
R. A. Milne
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Glacial Till ◽  
Tile Drainage ◽  
Normal Plant ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Sodic Soil ◽  
Tile Drains

Leaching studies showed that shallow glacial soils that have become saline-sodic can be reclaimed with tile drains installed at a depth of 30 inches with a 30-foot spacing. The glacial till at the experimental site occurred at a depth of 2 to 3 feet below the surface and was slowly permeable. Only after the application of 71 inches of water was the saline-sodic soil sufficiently reclaimed to allow normal plant growth. Some decrease in salt concentration was found below the tile drains. There was no difference in salt movement with respect to proximity to the tile lines. The development of non-saline-sodic soils was not evident during the trial. Most of the gypsum applied during the trial remained in the surface 6 inches after the final water application.

scholarly journals A semi-dominant mutation in OsCESA9 improves rice straw return to the field and increases salt tolerance by remodeling the cell wall in rice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafeng Ye ◽  
Shuoxun Wang ◽  
Kun Wu ◽  
Yan Ren ◽  
Hongrui Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Normal Plant ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Biomass Saccharification ◽  
Straw Return

Abstract Background Cellulose synthase (CESA) mutants have potential use in straw processing due to their lower cellulose content, but almost all of the mutants exhibit defective phenotypes in plant growth and development. Balancing normal plant growth with reduced cellulose content remains a challenge, as cellulose content and normal plant growth are typically negatively correlated with one another.Result Here, the rice (Oryza sativa) semi-dominant brittle culm (sdbc) mutant Sdbc1, which harbors a substitution (D387N) at the first conserved aspartic acid residue of OsCESA9, exhibits lower cellulose content and reduced secondary wall thickness as well as enhanced biomass enzymatic saccharification compared with the wild type. Further experiments indicated that the OsCESA9D387N mutation may compete with the wild-type OsCESA9 for interacting with OsCESA4 and OsCESA7, further forming non-functional or partially functional CSCs. The OsCESA9/OsCESA9D387N heterozygous plants increase salt tolerance through scavenging and detoxification of ROS and indirectly affecting related gene expression. They also improve rice straw return to the field due to their brittle culms and lower cellulose content without any negative effects in grain yield and lodging.Conclusion Hence, manipulation of OsCESA9D387N can enhance biomass saccharification and simultaneously facilitate the decay of rice straw in the soil, providing a new strategy for bioenergy crop breeding.

scholarly journals Nitrogen supply affects root:shoot ratio in corn and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Weed Science ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 670-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly D. Bonifas ◽  
Daniel T. Walters ◽  
Kenneth G. Cassman ◽  
John L. Lindquist
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Normal Plant ◽  
Root:Shoot Ratio ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Over Time

Competitive outcome between crops and weeds is affected by partitioning of new biomass to above- and belowground plant organs in response to nutrient supply. This study determined the fraction of biomass partitioned to roots vs. shoots in corn and velvetleaf in response to nitrogen (N) supply. Pots measuring 28 cm in diam and 60 cm deep were embedded in the ground and each contained one plant of either corn or velvetleaf. Each plant received one of three N treatments: 0, 1, or 3 g N applied as ammonium nitrate in 2001, and 0, 2, or 6 g N in 2002. Measurements of total above- and belowground biomass were made at 10 sampling dates during each growing season. The root:shoot ratio decreased over time for both corn and velvetleaf as a result of normal plant growth and as N supply increased. Root:shoot ratio was greater for corn than for velvetleaf at comparable stages of development and at all levels of N supply. Both corn and velvetleaf display true plasticity in biomass partitioning patterns in response to N supply. Velvetleaf root:shoot ratio increased by 46 to 82% when N was limiting in 2001 and 2002, respectively, whereas corn root:shoot ratio increased by only 29 to 45%. The greater increase in biomass partitioned to roots by velvetleaf might negatively impact its ability to compete with corn for light when N supply is limited.

scholarly journals Transport and detoxification of manganese and copper in plants

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Ducic ◽  
Andrea Polle
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Cellular Transport ◽  
Normal Plant ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Targeted Transport ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Membrane Transport Systems ◽  
Broad Overview

Heavy metals like Mn and Cu, though essential for normal plant growth and development, can be toxic when present in excess in the environment. For normal plant growth maintenance of metal homeostasis is important. Excess uptake of redox active elements causes oxidative destruction. Thus, uptake, transport and distribution within the plant must be strongly controlled. Regulation includes precisely targeted transport from the macro-level of the tissue to the micro-level of the cell and organelles. Membrane transport systems play very important roles in metal trafficking. This review provides a broad overview of the long distance and cellular transport as well as detoxification and homeostasis mechanisms of Mn and Cu, which are essential micronutrients but extremely toxic at elevated concentrations.

scholarly journals SGRL can regulate chlorophyll metabolism and contributes to normal plant growth and development in Pisum sativum L.

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 539-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Bell ◽  
Carol Moreau ◽  
Catherine Chinoy ◽  
Rebecca Spanner ◽  
Marion Dalmais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Normal Plant ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Chlorophyll Metabolism ◽  
Pisum Sativum L
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