scholarly journals Neurophysiological indicators of internal attention: An fMRI–eye-tracking coregistration study

Cortex ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Majed Ceh ◽  
Sonja Annerer-Walcher ◽  
Karl Koschutnig ◽  
Christof Körner ◽  
Andreas Fink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Internal Attention

scholarly journals Neurophysiological indicators of internal attention: An electroencephalography–eye‐tracking coregistration study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Majed Ceh ◽  
Sonja Annerer‐Walcher ◽  
Christof Körner ◽  
Christian Rominger ◽  
Silvia Erika Kober ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Internal Attention

scholarly journals Neurophysiological indicators of internal attention: An EEG-eye-tracking co-registration study [preprint]

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Ceh ◽  
Sonja Annerer-Walcher ◽  
Christof Körner ◽  
Christian Rominger ◽  
Silivia E. Kober ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Alpha Activity ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Gating Mechanism ◽  
Eeg Alpha ◽  
Eeg Alpha Activity ◽  
Task Irrelevant ◽  
Attention Demands ◽  
Internal Attention

Many goal-directed, as well as spontaneous everyday activities (e.g., planning, mind wandering) rely on an internal focus of attention. In this EEG-eye-tracking co-registration study, we investigated effects of attention direction on EEG alpha activity and various relevant eye parameters. We used an established paradigm to manipulate internal attention demands within tasks by means of conditional stimulus masking. Consistent with previous research, IDC involved relatively higher EEG alpha activity (lower alpha desynchronization) at posterior cortical sites. Moreover, IDC was characterized by greater pupil diameter (PD) and PD variance, more and longer blinks, and fewer microsaccades, fixations and saccades. These findings show that internal versus external cognition is associated with robust differences in several neurophysiological indicators that contribute to suppress task-irrelevant information processing at the neural and perceptual level. In a second line of analysis, we explored the intrinsic temporal covariation between EEG alpha activity and eye parameters during rest. This analysis revealed a positive correlation of EEG alpha power with PD especially in bilateral parieto-occipital regions. Together, these findings suggest that EEG alpha activity and PD represent time-sensitive indicators of internal attention demands and are part of a neurophysiological gating mechanism to shield internal cognition from irrelevant sensory information.

scholarly journals Neurophysiological indicators of internal attention: an fMRI-eye-tracking co-registration study [preprint]

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Ceh ◽  
Sonja Annerer-Walcher ◽  
Koschutnig Karl ◽  
Christof Körner ◽  
Mathias Benedek
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
Mental Load ◽  
Lingual Gyrus ◽  
Internal Focus ◽  
Task Irrelevant ◽  
Attention Demands ◽  
Internal Attention

Many goal-directed, as well as spontaneous everyday activities (e.g., planning, mind-wandering), rely on an internal focus of attention. In this fMRI–eye-tracking coregistration study, we investigated brain mechanisms and eye behavior related to internally versus externally directed cognition. Building on an established paradigm, we manipulated internal attention demands within tasks utilizing conditional stimulus masking. Internally directed cognition involved bilateral activation of the lingual gyrus and inferior parietal lobe areas as well as wide-spread deactivation of visual networks. Moreover, internally directed cognition was related to greater pupil diameter, pupil diameter variance, blink duration, fixation disparity variance, and smaller amounts of microsaccades. FMRI–eye-tracking covariation analyses further revealed that larger pupil diameter was related to increased activation of basal ganglia and lingual gyrus. It can be concluded that internally and externally directed cognition are characterized by distinct neurophysiological signatures. The observed neurophysiological differences indicate that internally directed cognition is associated with reduced processing of task-irrelevant information and increased mental load. These findings shed further light on the interplay between neural and perceptual mechanisms contributing to an internal focus of attention.

Author response for "Neurophysiological indicators of internal attention: An electroencephalography–eye‐tracking coregistration study"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Majed Ceh ◽  
Sonja Annerer‐Walcher ◽  
Christof Körner ◽  
Christian Rominger ◽  
Silvia Erika Kober ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Internal Attention

scholarly journals BRINGING READING RESEARCH IN MULTILINGUAL NUSANTARA INTO A NEW DIRECTION THROUGH EYE-TRACKING

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Warid Mihat ◽  
Hazita Azman ◽  
Kan Or Soh
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Text Processing ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Reading Process ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Reading Research ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Internal Attention

Current understanding of the psychological mechanisms underlying reading comprehension among multilinguals are typically limited to external observations of their ability to read and comprehend text. Additionally, descriptions of the nature of comprehension processes relied perilously on the use of memory taken after the reading process. In this article we introduce the potential of using eye tracking as a tool in collecting internal attention data for a deeper understanding of EFL text processing among multilinguals. The eye tracking procedures will enable researchers to combine perspectives collected from internal and external observations, to explicate and elucidate the complex cognitive processes of the multilingual when involved in reading. Since the use of the eye-tracking in reading research methodology is fairly new, particularly in multilingual contexts such as Malaysia and Nusantara in general, we will emphasize how progress has been achieved elsewhere in understanding text processing through the use of eye-tracking. The article will introduce relevant research projects that can be conducted using eye-tracking, after sketching the historical progression of eye-tracking research in the field. It concludes by suggesting that eye-tracking can provide a framework for studying the full range of the multilingual readers’ competencies in reading while expanding related theories about EFL reading.Keywords: External attention, eye-tracking, internal attention, oculomotor-behaviours, oral-comprehension and multilingual readersCite as: Mihat, W., Azman, H. & Soh, O.K. (2018). Bringing reading research in multilingual Nusantara into a new direction through eye-tracking. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 3(2), 107-123. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol3iss2pp107-123

An Eye-Tracking Study on Audiovisual Speech Perception Strategies Adopted by Normal-Hearing and Deaf Adults Under Different Language Familiarities

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 2245-2254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianrong Wang ◽  
Yumeng Zhu ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
Abdilbar Mamat ◽  
Mei Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Audiovisual Speech ◽  
Audiovisual Speech Perception ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Deaf Adults ◽  
Bilingual Speaker ◽  
Primary Hypothesis ◽  
Standard Chinese

Purpose The primary purpose of this study was to explore the audiovisual speech perception strategies.80.23.47 adopted by normal-hearing and deaf people in processing familiar and unfamiliar languages. Our primary hypothesis was that they would adopt different perception strategies due to different sensory experiences at an early age, limitations of the physical device, and the developmental gap of language, and others. Method Thirty normal-hearing adults and 33 prelingually deaf adults participated in the study. They were asked to perform judgment and listening tasks while watching videos of a Uygur–Mandarin bilingual speaker in a familiar language (Standard Chinese) or an unfamiliar language (Modern Uygur) while their eye movements were recorded by eye-tracking technology. Results Task had a slight influence on the distribution of selective attention, whereas subject and language had significant influences. To be specific, the normal-hearing and the d10eaf participants mainly gazed at the speaker's eyes and mouth, respectively, in the experiment; moreover, while the normal-hearing participants had to stare longer at the speaker's mouth when they confronted with the unfamiliar language Modern Uygur, the deaf participant did not change their attention allocation pattern when perceiving the two languages. Conclusions Normal-hearing and deaf adults adopt different audiovisual speech perception strategies: Normal-hearing adults mainly look at the eyes, and deaf adults mainly look at the mouth. Additionally, language and task can also modulate the speech perception strategy.

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