scholarly journals An ecological measure of rapid and automatic face-sex categorization

Cortex ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 150-161
Author(s):  
Diane Rekow ◽  
Jean-Yves Baudouin ◽  
Bruno Rossion ◽  
Arnaud Leleu
Keyword(s):  
Sex Categorization

scholarly journals Gender mistakes and inequality

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Bourg
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sex Categorization

In nearly every interaction, we sex categorize one another. This simple, unconscious, and ubiquitous act of categorizing someone as male or female has been shown to contribute to the creation and conservation of a variety of kinds of gender inequality. This dissertation examines the impact of gender mistakes – situations where an actor becomes aware that someone they assumed was male is female (or vice-versa) – on the behaviors and attitudes of the person who made the mistake. Results of this experimental research indicate that individuals who have mistakenly classified someone as the “wrong” sex, and interacted with that person on the basis of that mistake before learning of their mistake, are less likely to use sex as a basis for categorization in a subsequent situation. These results indicate that gender mistakes could contribute to a reduction in gender inequality through decreased individual reliance on sex categorization by those who have experienced a situation where they became aware of having sex categorized someone incorrectly.

scholarly journals Sex Categorization of Faces: The Effects of Age and Experience

i-Perception ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 204166951983041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Hillairet de Boisferon ◽  
Eve Dupierrix ◽  
Lesley Uttley ◽  
Lisa M. DeBruine ◽  
Benedict C. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Processing Time ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Bias Effect ◽  
Age Bias ◽  
Male Response ◽  
Specific Category ◽  
External Cues ◽  
The Face ◽  
Sex Categorization

The face own-age bias effect refers to the better ability to recognize the face from one's own age compared with other age groups. Here we examined whether an own-age advantage occurs for faces sex categorization. We examined 7- and 9-year-olds' and adults' ability to correctly categorize the sex of 7- and 9-year-olds and adult faces without external cues, such as hair. Results indicated that all ages easily classify the sex of adult faces. They succeeded in classifying the sex of child faces, but their performance was poorer than for adult faces. In adults, processing time increased, and a response bias ( male response) was elicited for child faces. In children, response times remained constant, and no bias was observed. Experience with specific category of faces seems to offer some advantage in speed of processing. Overall, sex categorization is more challenging for child than for adult faces due to their reduced sexual dimorphic facial characteristics.

scholarly journals Person (mis)perception: functionally biased sex categorization of bodies

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1749) ◽  
pp. 4982-4989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerri L. Johnson ◽  
Masumi Iida ◽  
Louis G. Tassinary
Keyword(s):  
Social Perception ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Cognitive Representations ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Affordances ◽  
Body Shapes ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Sex Categorization

Social perception is among the most important tasks that occur in daily life, and perceivers readily appreciate the social affordances of others. Here, we demonstrate that sex categorizations are functionally biased towards a male percept. Perceivers judged body shapes that varied in waist-to-hip ratio to be men if they were not, in reality, exclusive to women, and male categorizations occurred more quickly than female categorizations (studies 1 and 4). This pattern was corroborated when participants identified the average body shapes of men and women (study 2) and when we assessed participants' cognitive representations (study 3). Moreover, these tendencies were modulated by emotion context (study 4). Thus, male categorizations occurred readily and rapidly, demonstrating a pronounced categorization bias and temporal advantage for male judgements.

Time course of the use of chromatic and achromatic facial information for sex categorization

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Dupuis-Roy ◽  
S. Faghel-Soubeyrand ◽  
F. Gosselin
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Facial Information ◽  
Sex Categorization

Recognition and Sex Categorization of Adults' and Children's Faces: Examining Performance in the Absence of Sex-Stereotyped Cues

2000 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather A. Wild ◽  
Susan E. Barrett ◽  
Melanie J. Spence ◽  
Alice J. O'Toole ◽  
Yi D. Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Categorization

Physical Androgyny and Categorization Difficulty Shape Political Conservatives’ Attitudes Toward Transgender People

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chadly Stern ◽  
Nicholas O. Rule
Keyword(s):  
Political Ideology ◽  
Social Judgments ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
Sex Categorization

Researchers have recently begun to examine how categorization processes impact social evaluations. In two studies, we examined how sex categorization influences attitudes toward transgender individuals. We found that people evaluated transgender individuals more negatively if they possessed physically androgynous (vs. sex-typical) characteristics because they struggled to identify their sex. These relationships were stronger among political conservatives compared to individuals with more liberal political views. These findings provide new insights for research on attitudes toward gender minorities and for the role of political ideology in social judgments.

Centering Transgender Individuals in Forensic Anthropology and Expanding Binary Sex Estimation in Casework and Research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Tallman ◽  
Caroline Kincer ◽  
Eric Plemons
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Forensic Anthropology ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Sex Estimation ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Collective Knowledge ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Sex Categorization ◽  
Oriented Research

Due to disproportionate violence impacting the transgender community, forensic anthropologists may encounter the remains of trans individuals; however, it is unknown how often trans individuals are represented in casework and if practitioners have sufficient knowledge about trans bodies. After contextualizing forensically relevant demographics for the trans community, this study uses survey data of forensic anthropologists to critically explore the collective knowledge of and experience working with trans individuals; practitioners’ perceptions of sex and gender; and potential opportunities for trans-oriented research. The results indicate that 28.9% of respondents have worked with trans individuals in casework, but most forensic anthropologists were unfamiliar with forms and evidence of gender affirming procedures. Additionally, the survey indicates that forensic anthropologists struggle with the binary nature of forensic sex estimation, with 42.4% agreeing that sex is binary and 56.2% disagreeing. Similar opposition was found with reporting gender: 39.5% indicated that gender should be reported in casework and 31.0% disagreed. Moreover, current sex estimation methods are: rigidly binary; not reflective of human biological variation; and inadequate for trans individuals as they are based on assigned sex. To dismantle rigidly binary sex categorization, we propose the adoption of a biocultural and queer theoretical approach to forensic sex estimation and in sexual dimorphism research that challenges heteronormative assumptions, questions typological two-sex categorization, and combats the presumptions that gender and sex are stable, independent entities that convey universal meaning. Relatedly, the expansion of trans-oriented research, which is supported by 95.8% of respondents, will further improve methodological accuracies. 

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