scholarly journals Evolution of neocortical folding: A phylogenetic comparative analysis of MRI from 34 primate species

Cortex ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 275-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Heuer ◽  
Omer Faruk Gulban ◽  
Pierre-Louis Bazin ◽  
Anastasia Osoianu ◽  
Romain Valabregue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Comparative Analysis

Phylogenetic comparative analysis and the secondary structure of ribonuclease P RNA — a review

Gene ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman R. Pace ◽  
David K. Smith ◽  
Gary J. Olsen ◽  
Bryan D. James
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Secondary Structure ◽  
Ribonuclease P ◽  
Phylogenetic Comparative Analysis ◽  
Ribonuclease P Rna

scholarly journals Evolution of neocortical folding: A phylogenetic comparative analysis of MRI from 34 primate species

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Heuer ◽  
Omer Faruk Gulban ◽  
Pierre-Louis Bazin ◽  
Anastasia Osoianu ◽  
Romain Valabregue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brownian Motion ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Phenotypic Change ◽  
Motion Model ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data ◽  
Brownian Motion Model ◽  
The Common

AbstractWe conducted a comparative analysis of primate cerebral size and neocortical folding using magnetic resonance imaging data from 65 individuals belonging to 34 different species. We measured several neocortical folding parameters and studied their evolution using phylogenetic comparative methods. Our results suggest that the most likely model for neuroanatomical evolution is one where differences appear randomly (the Brownian Motion model), however, alternative models cannot be completely ruled out. We present estimations of the ancestral primate phenotypes as well as estimations of the rates of phenotypic change. Based on the Brownian Motion model, the common ancestor of primates may have had a folded cerebrum similar to that of a small lemur such as the aye-aye. Finally, we observed a non-linear relationship between fold wavelength and fold depth with cerebral volume. In particular, gyrencephalic primate neocortices across different groups exhibited a strikingly stable fold wavelength of about 12 mm (± 20%), despite a 20-fold variation in cerebral volume. We discuss our results in the context of current theories of neocortical folding.

scholarly journals Pteridine pigments compensate for environmental availability of carotenoids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devi Stuart-Fox ◽  
Katrina Rankin ◽  
Adrian Lutz ◽  
Adam Elliott ◽  
Andrew Hugall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Skin Tissue ◽  
Honest Signalling ◽  
Colour Variation ◽  
Phylogenetic Comparative Analysis ◽  
Environmental Availability ◽  
Pigment Concentrations ◽  
Production Mechanisms

Carotenoid-based colours are a textbook example of honest signalling because carotenoids must be acquired from the environment. However, many species produce similar colours using self-synthesised pteridine pigments. A compelling but untested hypothesis is that pteridines compensate for low environmental availability of carotenoids because it is metabolically cheaper to synthesise pteridines than to acquire and sequester carotenoids. Based on a phylogenetic comparative analysis of 11 pigment concentrations in skin tissue of agamid lizards, we show that pteridine concentrations are higher and carotenoid concentrations lower in less productive environments. Both carotenoid and pteridine pigments were present in all species, but only pteridine concentrations explained colour variation among species. Furthermore, pigment concentrations were uncorrelated with indices of sexual selection. These results suggest that variation among species in pteridine synthesis compensates for environmental availability of carotenoids and challenge the paradigm of honest carotenoid signalling in vertebrates with complex colour production mechanisms.

scholarly journals Continuous-trait probabilistic model for comparing multi-species functional genomic data

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Quanquan Gu ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Takayo Sasaki ◽  
Julianna Crivello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Functional Genomic ◽  
Functional Genomic Data ◽  
Continuous Trait ◽  
A Genome

SummaryA large amount of multi-species functional genomic data from high-throughput assays are becoming available to help understand the molecular mechanisms for phenotypic diversity across species. However, continuous-trait probabilistic models, which are key to such comparative analysis, remain underexplored. Here we develop a new model, called phylogenetic hidden Markov Gaussian processes (Phylo-HMGP), to simultaneously infer heterogeneous evolutionary states of functional genomic features in a genome-wide manner. Both simulation studies and real data application demonstrate the effectiveness of Phylo-HMGP. Importantly, we applied Phylo-HMGP to analyze a new cross-species DNA replication timing (RT) dataset from the same cell type in five primate species (human, chimpanzee, orangutan, gibbon, and green monkey). We demonstrate that our Phylo-HMGP model enables discovery of genomic regions with distinct evolutionary patterns of RT. Our method provides a generic framework for comparative analysis of multi-species continuous functional genomic signals to help reveal regions with conserved or lineage-specific regulatory roles.

scholarly journals Colour dimorphism in labrid fishes as an adaptation to life on coral reefs

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1923) ◽  
pp. 20200167 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Hodge ◽  
F. Santini ◽  
P. C. Wainwright
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Environmental Context ◽  
Marine Fishes ◽  
Clear Water ◽  
Phylogenetic Comparative Analysis ◽  
Selective Forces ◽  
Colour Dimorphism

Conspicuous coloration displayed by animals that express sexual colour dimorphism is generally explained as an adaptation to sexual selection, yet the interactions and relative effects of selective forces influencing colour dimorphism are largely unknown. Qualitatively, colour dimorphism appears more pronounced in marine fishes that live on coral reefs where traits associated with strong sexual selection are purportedly more common. Using phylogenetic comparative analysis, we show that wrasses and parrotfishes exclusive to coral reefs are the most colour dimorphic, but surprisingly, the effect of habitat is not influenced by traits associated with strong sexual selection. Rather, habitat-specific selective forces, including clear water and structural refuge, promote the evolution of pronounced colour dimorphism that manifests colours less likely to be displayed in other habitats. Our results demonstrate that environmental context ultimately determines the evolution of conspicuous coloration in colour-dimorphic labrid fishes, despite other influential selective forces.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic-comparative analysis of the eukaryal ribonuclease P RNA

RNA ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 1895-1904 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL N. FRANK ◽  
CATHERINE ADAMIDI ◽  
MARISSA A. EHRINGER ◽  
CHRISTIAN PITULLE ◽  
NORMAN R. PACE
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Ribonuclease P ◽  
Phylogenetic Comparative Analysis ◽  
Ribonuclease P Rna
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