Why is the synesthete's “A” red? Using a five-language dataset to disentangle the effects of shape, sound, semantics, and ordinality on inducer–concurrent relationships in grapheme-color synesthesia

Cortex ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 375-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas B. Root ◽  
Romke Rouw ◽  
Michiko Asano ◽  
Chai-Youn Kim ◽  
Helena Melero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Concurrent Relationships

scholarly journals Relationships of French and English Morphophonemic Orthographies to Word Reading, Spelling, and Reading Comprehension During Early and Middle Childhood

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Abbott ◽  
Michel Fayol ◽  
Michel Zorman ◽  
Séverine Casalis ◽  
William Nagy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
French Study ◽  
French And English ◽  
Concurrent Relationships ◽  
Longitudinal Relationships

Two longitudinal studies of word reading, spelling, and reading comprehension identified commonalities and differences in morphophonemic orthographies—French (Study 1, n = 1,313) or English (Study 2, n = 114) in early childhood (Grade 2)and middle childhood (Grade 5). For French and English, statistically significant concurrent relationships among these literacy skills occurred in Grades 2 and 5, and longitudinal relationships for each skill with itself from Grades 2 to 5; but concurrent relationships were more sizable and longitudinal relationships more variable for English than French especially for word reading to reading comprehension. Results show that, for both morphophonemic orthographies, assessment and instructional practices should be tailored to early or middle childhood, and early childhood reading comprehension may not be related to middle childhood spelling. Also discussed are findings applying only to English, for which word origin is primarily Anglo-Saxon in early childhood, but increasingly French in middle childhood.

scholarly journals Communication Analysis of Distributed Programs

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Simmons ◽  
Dennis Edwards ◽  
Phil Kearns
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Systems ◽  
Partial Order ◽  
Distributed System ◽  
Source Code ◽  
Communication Analysis ◽  
Distributed Programs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Concurrent Relationships ◽  
Causality Information ◽  
Time Evaluation

Capturing and examining the causal and concurrent relationships of a distributed system is essential to a wide range of distributed systems applications. Many approaches to gathering this information rely on trace files of executions. The information obtained through tracing is limited to those executions observed. We present a methodology that analyzes the source code of the distributed system. Our analysis considers each process's source code and produces a single comprehensive graph of the system's possible behaviors. The graph, termed the partial order graph (POG), uniquely represents each possible partial order of the system. Causal and concurrent relationships can be extracted relative either to a particular partial order, which is synonymous to a single execution, or to a collection of partial orders. The graph provides a means of reasoning about the system in terms of relationships that will definitely occur, may possible occur, and will never occur. Distributed assert statements provide a means to monitor distributed system executions. By constructing thePOGprior to system execution, the causality information provided by thePOGenables run-time evaluation of the assert statement without relying on traces or addition messages.

scholarly journals A rapid, accurate approach to inferring pedigrees in endogamous populations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cole M Williams ◽  
Brooke A Scelza ◽  
Michelle Daya ◽  
Ethan M Lange ◽  
Christopher R Gignoux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
External Information ◽  
Haplotype Sharing ◽  
High Confidence ◽  
Population Genomic ◽  
Identical By Descent ◽  
Inference Algorithms ◽  
Endogamous Population ◽  
Endogamous Populations ◽  
Concurrent Relationships ◽  
Accurate Reconstruction

AbstractAccurate reconstruction of pedigrees from genetic data remains a challenging problem. Pedigree inference algorithms are often trained only on urban European-descent families, which are comparatively ‘outbred’ compared to many other global populations. Relationship categories can be difficult to distinguish (e.g. half-sibships versus avuncular) without external information. Furthermore, published software cannot accommodate endogamous populations where there may be reticulations within a pedigree or elevated haplotype sharing. We design a simple, rapid algorithm which initially uses only high-confidence first degree relationships to seed a machine learning step based on the number of identical by descent segments. Additionally, we define a new statistic to polarize individuals to ancestor versus descendant generation. We test our approach in a sample of 700 individuals from northern Namibia, sampled from an endogamous population. Due to a culture of concurrent relationships in this population, there is a high proportion of half-sibships. We accurately identify first through third degree relationships for all categories, including half-sibships, half-avuncular-ships etc. We further validate our approach in the Barbados Asthma Genetics Study (BAGS) dataset. Accurate reconstruction of pedigrees holds promise for tracing allele frequency trajectories, improved phasing and other population genomic questions.

scholarly journals Modeling disease spread in populations with birth, death, and concurrency

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel C. Miller ◽  
Anja C. Slim
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Model ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Concurrent Partnerships ◽  
Equilibrium Size ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Concurrent Relationships

AbstractThe existence of sexual partnerships that overlap in time (concurrent relationships) is believed by some to be a significant contributing factor to the spread of HIV, although this is controversial. We derive an analytic model which allows us to investigate and compare disease spread in populations with and without concurrency. We can identify regions of parameter space in which its impact is negligible, and other regions in which it plays a major role. We also see that the impact of concurrency on the initial growth phase can be much larger than its impact on the equilibrium size. We see that the effect of concurrency saturates, which leads to the perhaps surprising conclusion that interventions targeting concurrency may be most effective in populations with low to moderate levels of concurrency.Author SummaryWe consider the spread of an infectious disease through a population modeled by a dynamic network with demographic turnover. We develop a stochastic model of the disease and derive governing equations that exactly predict the large population (deterministic) limit of the stochastic model. We use this to investigate the role of concurrency and find that interventions targeting concurrency may be most effective in populations with lower levels of concurrency.Our model is not intended to be an accurate representation of any single population. Rather it is intended to give general insights for intervention design and to provide a framework which can be further specialized to particular populations.This model is the first model to allow for analytic investigation of the impact of concurrent partnerships in a population exhibiting demographic turnover. Thus it will be useful for investigating the “concurrency hypothesis.”

Respiratory-related neural assemblies in the brain stem midline

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 905-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Lindsey ◽  
Y. M. Hernandez ◽  
K. F. Morris ◽  
R. Shannon ◽  
G. L. Gerstein
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Significance Test ◽  
Spike Trains ◽  
Neural Assemblies ◽  
Millisecond Time Scale ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Raphe Pallidus ◽  
Initial Objective ◽  
Concurrent Relationships ◽  
The Brain

1. The initial objective of this study was to determine whether respiratory-related neural assemblies exist in the brain stem midline. A second goal was to seek evidence for concurrent relationships among the neurons that could generate the detected synchrony. 2. Experiments were conducted on anesthetized, paralyzed, bilaterally vagotomized, artificially ventilated cats. Spike trains of four to nine simultaneously monitored neurons were recorded in the regions of n. raphe obscurus-n. raphe pallidus and n. raphe magnus. 3. Data were analyzed with cycle-triggered histograms, cross-correlograms, snowflakes, and the gravitational representation. A significance test for the gravity method was developed and tested with spike trains generated by simulated networks with defined connections. 4. Ninety-three groups of neurons from 24 cats were studied. Thirty-nine groups from 19 cats included neurons that discharged synchronously on a millisecond time scale; less than or equal to 19 pairs of synchronously discharging neurons were found in one group. Twenty-seven of these 39 groups included neurons that had respiratory-modulated firing rates and discharged synchronously with other group members. Synchronous assemblies included cells monitored at rostral or caudal locations, or both. 5. Six classes of relationships were inferred from groups of neurons with multiple correlations: divergence (n = 11); convergence (n = 7); connections with opposite actions between neurons (n = 5); projections of synchronous neurons to separate targets (n = 5); projections to one neuron in a synchronous group (n = 4); and projections between two synchronous groups with common elements (n = 6). 6. The results document the existence of assemblies of synchronously discharging respiratory-related neurons in midline regions of the brain stem and suggest that divergent excitatory and inhibitory connections within the midline participate in the generation of that synchrony. Links between assemblies may operate to stabilize their collective activity in a particular state.

Big Five Personality Traits and Marching Music Injuries

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
Jacob J Levy ◽  
John W Lounsbury ◽  
Kimberly N Kent
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Emotional Stability ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
World Class ◽  
Concurrent Relationships ◽  
Drum And Bugle Corps ◽  
Practical Implications

In a sample of 155 world-class drum and bugle corps performers, we studied marching music-related injuries in relation to the Big Five personality traits (agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, extraversion, and openness). Correlation and multiple regression analyses revealed concurrent relationships between the Big Five personality traits and self-reported injury. A linear combination of the Big Five traits accounted for 13% of the total variance in activity-related injuries. Two traits, openness and emotional stability, contributed significant unique variance in self-reported, marching music-related injuries. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

Alternative Constructions of Partner Relationships in Chronic Illness: A Qualitative Study Exploring Concurrent Relationships

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110307
Author(s):  
Michaela Sorber ◽  
Christiane Knecht ◽  
Michael Meng ◽  
Andreas Büscher ◽  
Wilfried Schnepp
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Alternative Form ◽  
Partner Relationship ◽  
Relational Processes ◽  
Care Relationship ◽  
Relationship Construction ◽  
Concurrent Relationships

Chronic illness can have a profound impact on couples’ relationships. In dealing with relational changes, new constructions and forms of relationships may arise. In the context of a larger grounded theory study on relational processes and practices in couples faced with chronic illness, this article focuses on concurrent relationships as an alternative form of relationship construction which embodies an additional relationship existing parallel to that of the couple confronted with chronic illness. Based on qualitative interviews with a subsample of five persons within the larger study, conditions for the development and characteristics of concurrent relationships are presented. From an individual and shared life questioned by chronic illness, concurrent relationships are formed in the attempt to be able to live on together in a new partner relationship and a continued care relationship. This can lead to new constructions of relationships, family life, and social relations in everyday life.

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