scholarly journals Fear processing is differentially affected by lateralized stimulation of carotid baroreceptors

Cortex ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 200-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Makovac ◽  
Sarah Garfinkel ◽  
Andrea Bassi ◽  
Barbara Basile ◽  
Emiliano Macaluso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Baroreceptors ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract 032: Carotid Chemoreceptor Activation Blunts The Hypotensive Response Caused By The Electrical Stimulation Of The Carotid Sinus In Conscious Rats

Hypertension ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro L Katayama ◽  
Jaci A Castania ◽  
Rubens Fazan ◽  
Helio C Salgado
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Resistant Hypertension ◽  
Carotid Sinus ◽  
Hemodynamic Responses ◽  
Carotid Chemoreceptors ◽  
Conscious Rats ◽  
Carotid Baroreceptors ◽  
Bilateral Carotid ◽  
Hypotensive Response ◽  
Stimulation Of

The mechanisms involved in Baroreflex Activation Therapy (BAT) in patients with resistant hypertension require better understanding. It was shown that electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus (ESCS), in conscious carotid body-denervated rats, caused bradycardia and greater hypotensive response when compared with intact control rats. In the current study the activation of the chemoreceptors due to ESCS, in conscious rats, was examined in the absence of the carotid baroreceptors. Wistar rats with unilateral denervation of the right carotid chemoreceptors were divided into three groups: 1) control (CONT, n=7); 2) bilateral carotid chemoreceptor denervation (CD, n=7); 3) unilateral denervation of the left carotid baroreceptors (BD, n=4). Under ketamine/xylazine anesthesia bipolar electrodes were implanted around the left carotid sinus combined with arterial and venous catheters into the femoral vessels. On the next day, after basal hemodynamic recordings, the animals received three ESCS (5V, 1 ms) with 15 Hz, 30 Hz and 60 Hz, applied randomly for 20s. Carotid chemoreceptors denervation was confirmed by the lack of hemodynamic responses after the administration of KCN (40 μg iv). The efficacy of left carotid baroreceptor denervation was confirmed by the absence of hemodynamic responses to changes in the left carotid sinus pressure ranging from 60 mmHg to 180 mmHg. The results showed that ESCS was efficient to cause greater hypotensive responses in the CD as compared with the CONT group at 60 Hz (-37 ± 6 vs -19 ± 3 mmHg) and to cause hypertensive responses in the BD group at 30 Hz and 60 Hz (15 ± 2 and 19 ± 2 mmHg). ESCS caused no alteration of the heart rate in the CONT but caused significant bradycardia in the CD group at 30 Hz and 60 Hz (-31 ± 11 and -35 ± 12 bpm) and in the BD group at 15 Hz, 30 Hz and 60 Hz (-38 ± 6, -37 ± 6 and -34 ± 4 bpm). These data demonstrated that carotid chemoreceptor activation in the absence of the carotid baroreceptors caused hypertension and bradycardia, indicating that when the baroreceptors are intact, the chemoreceptors blunt the hypotensive response caused by ESCS. These findings provide important information for the clinical studies using BAT in patients with resistant hypertension and/or heart failure.

Failure of Vasopressin to Prevent the Natriuretic and Diuretic Response to Unilateral Stimulation of Carotid Baroreceptors

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 1193-1197
Author(s):  
R. Keeler
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Concentration Gradient ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Carotid Baroreceptors ◽  
Unilateral Stimulation ◽  
Vasopressin Secretion ◽  
Diuretic Response ◽  
Stimulation Of

Unanesthetized rats treated with deoxycorticosterone acetate were continuously infused with a maximally effective dose of vasopressin (50 μU/min per 100 g). After a control period of 2 h the animals were subjected to a 2 h period of unilateral stimulation of the carotid baroreceptors. There was a large natriuretic response accompanied by diuresis and a fall in urine osmolality. It was concluded that neither the natriuretic nor the diuretic response could be explained by inhibition of vasopressin secretion. Analysis of kidney tissue indicated that the diuresis was associated with partial dissipation of the inner medullary concentration gradient.

scholarly journals PRES: The Controlled Noninvasiv Stimulation of the Carotid Baroreceptors in Humans

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Rau ◽  
Thomas Elbert ◽  
Bertram Geiger ◽  
Werner Lutzenberger
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Baroreceptors ◽  
Stimulation Of

Neurohumoral regulation of blood flow to bones and marrow

1979 ◽  
Vol 237 (4) ◽  
pp. H440-H448 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Gross ◽  
D. D. Heistad ◽  
M. L. Marcus
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Femoral Diaphysis ◽  
Carotid Baroreceptors ◽  
Neurohumoral Regulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

We used labeled microspheres to measure bone and marrow blood flow under control conditions and during several interventions. In dogs, blood flow to compact cortical bone (femoral diaphysis) was 2 +/- 0.1 ml.min-1. 100 g-1, and in hematopoietic marrow (femur), flow was 24 +/- 5 ml.min-1. 100 g-1. Hematopoietic cancellous bones (sternum, ilium) received substantial blood flow. We estimate that as much as 11% of cardiac output is directed to the skeleton. Bone and marrow vessels were responsive to several stimuli. During exercise, vascular resistance in bone increased two- to fourfold, in contrast to profound vasodilation in adjacent skeletal muscle. Hemmorrhage also increased bone vascular resistance. Bone and marrow vessels responded to humoral stimuli: norepinephrine increased vascular resistance and adenosine decreased resistance. Bone vessels also responded to neural stimuli: stimulation of carotid baroreceptors decreased vascular resistance, and activation of sympathetic pathways by baroreceptor deafferentation in cats increased vascular resistance. These studies indicate that bone and marrow vessels respond actively to physiological stresses and to several humoral and neurogenic stimuli

Transient vasodilatation in forearm on stimulation of carotid baroreceptors in man

1982 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Erik Lindblad ◽  
B. Gunnar Wallin ◽  
Sture Bevegård
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Baroreceptors ◽  
Stimulation Of
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