Self-generation and positivity effects following transcranial random noise stimulation in medial prefrontal cortex: A reality monitoring task in older adults

Cortex ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 186-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Mammarella ◽  
Alberto Di Domenico ◽  
Rocco Palumbo ◽  
Beth Fairfield
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Reality Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Task ◽  
Transcranial Random Noise Stimulation

scholarly journals Establishing a causal role for medial prefrontal cortex in reality monitoring

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karuna Subramaniam ◽  
Hardik Kothare ◽  
Leighton B. Hinkley ◽  
Phiroz Tarapore ◽  
Srikantan S. Nagarajan
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Reality Monitoring ◽  
Causal Role ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Brain Target ◽  
Information Functional

AbstractReality monitoring is defined as the ability to distinguish internally self-generated information from externally-derived information. Functional imaging studies have consistently found that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a key brain region subserving reality monitoring. The aim of this study was to determine a causal role for mPFC in reality monitoring using navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (nrTMS). In a subject-blinded sham-controlled crossover design, healthy individuals received either active or sham nrTMS targeting mPFC. Active modulation of mPFC using nrTMS at a frequency of 10 Hz, significantly improved identification of both self-generated and externally-derived information during reality monitoring, when compared to sham or baseline. Targeted excitatory modulation of mPFC also improved positive mood ratings, reduced negative mood ratings and increased overall alertness/arousal. These results establish optimal nrTMS dosing parameters that maximized tolerability/comfort and induced significant neuromodulatory effects in the mPFC target. Importantly, this is a proof-of-concept study that establishes the mPFC as a novel brain target that can be stimulated with nrTMS to causally impact both mood and higher-order reality monitoring.

scholarly journals Establishing a Causal Role for Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Reality Monitoring

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karuna Subramaniam ◽  
Hardik Kothare ◽  
Leighton B. Hinkley ◽  
Phiroz Tarapore ◽  
Srikantan S. Nagarajan
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Reality Monitoring ◽  
Causal Role

scholarly journals Beta-band activity in medial prefrontal cortex predicts source memory encoding and retrieval accuracy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karuna Subramaniam ◽  
Leighton B.N. Hinkley ◽  
Danielle Mizuiri ◽  
Hardik Kothare ◽  
Coleman Garrett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Source Memory ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Reality Monitoring ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Retrieval Accuracy ◽  
Band Activity ◽  
Encoding And Retrieval

AbstractReality monitoring is defined as the ability to distinguish internally self-generated information from externally-derived information. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a key brain region subserving reality monitoring and has been shown to be activated specifically during the retrieval of self-generated information. However, it is unclear if mPFC is activated during the encoding of self-generated information into memory. If so, it is important to understand whether successful retrieval of self-generated information critically depends on enhanced neural activity within mPFC during initial encoding of this self-generated information.We used magnetoencephalographic imaging (MEGI) to determine the timing and location of cortical activity during a reality-monitoring task involving self generated contextual source memory encoding and retrieval. We found both during encoding and retrieval of self-generated information, when compared to externally-derived information, mPFC showed significant task induced oscillatory power modulation in the beta-band. During initial encoding of self-generated information, greater mPFC beta-band power reductions occurred within a time window of −700ms to −500ms prior to vocalization, activity in mPFC that was not observed during encoding of externally-derived information. This mPFC activity during encoding of self-generated information predicted subsequent retrieval accuracy of self-generated information. Beta-band activity in mPFC was also observed during the initial retrieval of self-generated information within a time window of 300 to 500ms following stimulus onset and correlated with accurate retrieval performance of self-generated information. Together, these results further highlight the importance of mPFC in mediating the initial generation and awareness of participants’ internal thoughts.

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