scholarly journals Changes in pattern completion – A key mechanism to explain age-related recognition memory deficits?

Cortex ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 343-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Vieweg ◽  
Matthias Stangl ◽  
Lorelei R. Howard ◽  
Thomas Wolbers
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Pattern Completion ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Heterogeneity of age-related neural hyperactivity along the CA3 transverse axis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heekyung Lee ◽  
Zitong Wang ◽  
Scott Zeger ◽  
Michela Gallagher ◽  
James J. Knierim
Keyword(s):  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Functional Heterogeneity ◽  
Transverse Axis ◽  
Pattern Completion ◽  
Opposite Trend ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Ca3 Neurons

AbstractAge-related memory deficits are correlated with neural hyperactivity in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus. Abnormal CA3 hyperactivity in aged rats has been proposed to contribute to an imbalance between the normal tradeoff between pattern separation and pattern completion, resulting in overly rigid representations. Recent evidence of functional heterogeneity along the CA3 transverse axis suggests that proximal CA3 supports pattern separation while distal CA3 supports pattern completion. It is not known whether age-related CA3 hyperactivity is uniformly represented along the CA3 transverse axis. We examined the firing rates of CA3 neurons from male young and aged Long-Evans rats along the CA3 transverse axis. Consistent with prior studies, young CA3 cells showed an increasing gradient in mean firing rate from proximal to distal CA3. However, aged CA3 cells showed an opposite trend, with a decreasing gradient from proximal to distal CA3. Thus, CA3 cells in aged rats were hyperactive in proximal CA3, but possibly hypoactive in distal CA3, compared to young rats. We suggest that, in combination with altered inputs from the entorhinal cortex and dentate gyrus, the proximal CA3 region of aged rats may switch from its normal function that reflects the pattern separation output of the DG and instead performs a computation that reflects an abnormal bias toward pattern completion. In parallel, distal CA3 of aged rats may create weaker attractor basins that promote bistable representations under certain conditions.

scholarly journals Chondroitin 6-sulphate is required for neuroplasticity and memory in ageing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujeong Yang ◽  
Sylvain Gigout ◽  
Angelo Molinaro ◽  
Yuko Naito-Matsui ◽  
Sam Hilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulphate ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Term Potentiation ◽  
Early Memory

AbstractPerineuronal nets (PNNs) are chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan-containing structures on the neuronal surface that have been implicated in the control of neuroplasticity and memory. Age-related reduction of chondroitin 6-sulphates (C6S) leads to PNNs becoming more inhibitory. Here, we investigated whether manipulation of the chondroitin sulphate (CS) composition of the PNNs could restore neuroplasticity and alleviate memory deficits in aged mice. We first confirmed that aged mice (20-months) showed memory and plasticity deficits. They were able to retain or regain their cognitive ability when CSs were digested or PNNs were attenuated. We then explored the role of C6S in memory and neuroplasticity. Transgenic deletion of chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase (chst3) led to a reduction of permissive C6S, simulating aged brains. These animals showed very early memory loss at 11 weeks old. Importantly, restoring C6S levels in aged animals rescued the memory deficits and restored cortical long-term potentiation, suggesting a strategy to improve age-related memory impairment.

Bilateral inactivation of medial temporal structures (MT) is required to induce recognition memory deficits

2007 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. e175
Author(s):  
G. Alarcón ◽  
M.E. Lacruz ◽  
J.J. García Seoane ◽  
A. Valentín ◽  
C.D. Binnie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Temporal Structures

scholarly journals A Multivariate Assessment of Age-Related Cognitive Impairment in Octodon degus

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela S. Rivera ◽  
Carolina B. Lindsay ◽  
Carolina A. Oliva ◽  
Francisco Bozinovic ◽  
Nibaldo C. Inestrosa
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Natural Aging ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Barnes Maze ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Dependent

Aging is a progressive functional decline characterized by a gradual deterioration in physiological function and behavior. The most important age-related change in cognitive function is decline in cognitive performance (i.e., the processing or transformation of information to make decisions that includes speed of processing, working memory, and learning). The purpose of this study is to outline the changes in age-related cognitive performance (i.e., short-term recognition memory and long-term learning and memory) in long-lived Octodon degus. The strong similarity between degus and humans in social, metabolic, biochemical, and cognitive aspects makes it a unique animal model for exploring the mechanisms underlying the behavioral and cognitive deficits related to natural aging. In this study, we examined young adult female degus (12- and 24-months-old) and aged female degus (38-, 56-, and 75-months-old) that were exposed to a battery of cognitive-behavioral tests. Multivariate analyses of data from the Social Interaction test or Novel Object/Local Recognition (to measure short-term recognition memory), and the Barnes maze test (to measure long-term learning and memory) revealed a consistent pattern. Young animals formed a separate group of aged degus for both short- and long-term memories. The association between the first component of the principal component analysis (PCA) from short-term memory with the first component of the PCA from long-term memory showed a significant negative correlation. This suggests age-dependent differences in both memories, with the aged degus having higher values of long-term memory ability but poor short-term recognition memory, whereas in the young degus an opposite pattern was found. Approximately 5% of the young and 80% of the aged degus showed an impaired short-term recognition memory; whereas for long-term memory about 32% of the young degus and 57% of the aged degus showed decreased performance on the Barnes maze test. Throughout this study, we outlined age-dependent cognitive performance decline during natural aging in degus. Moreover, we also demonstrated that the use of a multivariate approach let us explore and visualize complex behavioral variables, and identified specific behavioral patterns that allowed us to make powerful conclusions that will facilitate further the study on the biology of aging. In addition, this study could help predict the onset of the aging process based on behavioral performance.

Concurrent exercise does not prevent recognition memory deficits induced by beta-amyloid in rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 113631
Author(s):  
Karine Ramires Lima ◽  
Helen Lidiane Schmidt ◽  
Leticia Rossi Daré ◽  
Caroline Bitencourt Soares ◽  
Luiza Freitas Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Beta Amyloid ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Concurrent Exercise

More data-driven processing at retrieval reduces age-related memory deficits.

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
Lucie Angel ◽  
Séverine Fay ◽  
Badiâa Bouazzaoui ◽  
Michel Isingrini
Keyword(s):  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Age Related

Implicit and explicit memory functioning in children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 462-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARAH N. MATTSON ◽  
EDWARD P. RILEY
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Free Recall ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Prenatal Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome ◽  
Memory Functioning ◽  
Prenatal Alcohol

Prenatal alcohol exposure is associated with widespread and devastating neurodevelopmental deficits. Numerous reports have suggested memory deficits in both humans and animals exposed prenatally to alcohol. However, the nature of these memory deficits remains to be characterized. Recently children with fetal alcohol syndrome were shown to have learning and memory deficits on a verbal learning and memory measure that involved free recall and recognition memory. The current study seeks to further characterize memory functioning in children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure by evaluating priming performance. The choice of task is also relevant given previous studies of memory performance in patient groups with and without involvement of the basal ganglia, a group of structures known to be affected in fetal alcohol syndrome. Three groups were evaluated for lexical priming, free recall, recognition memory, and verbal fluency: (1) children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure; (2) children with Down syndrome; and (3) nonexposed controls. The children with Down syndrome showed significantly less priming than alcohol-exposed children, who did not differ from controls. In addition, the alcohol-exposed children were impaired on the free recall task but not on the recognition memory task, whereas the children with Down syndrome performed significantly worse than the alcohol-exposed group on both tasks. Finally, on the verbal fluency task, children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure were impaired on both category and letter fluency, but the degree of impairment was greater for letter fluency. These results further characterize the memory deficits in children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure suggesting that in spite of learning and memory deficits, they are able to benefit from priming of verbal information. (JINS, 1999, 5, 462–471.)

Does Declining Mitochondrial NAD+ and Unscheduled Opening of Mitochondrial Transition Pore Promote Mammalian Aging?

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. SCI-3-SCI-3
Author(s):  
David Sinclair ◽  
Angela V. Hafner ◽  
Ana Gomes ◽  
Jing Liang ◽  
Yana Cen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Advisory Committees ◽  
Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Promote Cell Survival ◽  
Mitochondrial Defects ◽  
Equity Ownership ◽  
Mitochondrial Transition Pore

Abstract Abstract SCI-3 The processes that lead to the susceptibility of post-mitotic tissues to diseases of aging are poorly understood, but mitochondria are considered a key regulator. SIRT3 is mitochondrial sirtuin, a member a family of NAD+-dependent deacetylases. We have previously shown that increased levels of NAD+ in mitochondria promote cell survival in a SIRT3-dependent manner, but how this protection is mediated is unknown. Here we show that mitochondrial NAD+ levels decline dramatically with age and that SIRT3 is a critical component and regulator of the mitochondrial transition pore (MTP). Mice lacking SIRT3 exhibit hyperacetylation of the MTP with age, and as a result, develop multiple defects in post-mitotic tissues as they age, including mitochondrial defects, susceptibility to cardiac failure, and learning and memory deficits. In a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD), SIRT3 knockout mice show striking phenotypes including small size, kyphosis, and a markedly reduced lifespan. Similar to mice, human brain samples show that acetylation of the MTP increases with age and with AD. These findings indicate that declining NAD levels with age lead to memory deficits and accelerate age-related diseases in post-mitotic tissues due to a decline in SIRT3 activity and unscheduled opening of the MTP. Disclosures: Sinclair: GlaxoSmithKline: Consultancy, Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Patents & Royalties.

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