Early development and function of the Xenopus tadpole retinotectal circuit

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Liu ◽  
Ali S Hamodi ◽  
Kara G Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Xenopus Tadpole ◽  
And Function

Characterization and function of Xnf7 during early development ofXenopus

1997 ◽  
Vol 173 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence D. Etkin ◽  
Heithem M. El-Hodiri ◽  
Hisashi Nakamura ◽  
Chuan Fen Wu ◽  
Weinian Shou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Effects of early life stage exposure of largemouth bass to atrazine or a model estrogen (17α-ethinylestradiol)

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9614
Author(s):  
Jessica K. Leet ◽  
Catherine A. Richter ◽  
Robert S. Cornman ◽  
Jason P. Berninger ◽  
Ramji K. Bhandari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Early Life Stage ◽  
Smallmouth Bass ◽  
Gonad Tissue ◽  
And Function

Endocrine disrupting contaminants are of continuing concern for potentially contributing to reproductive dysfunction in largemouth and smallmouth bass in the Chesapeake Bay watershed (CBW) and elsewhere. Exposures to atrazine (ATR) have been hypothesized to have estrogenic effects on vertebrate endocrine systems. The incidence of intersex in male smallmouth bass from some regions of CBW has been correlated with ATR concentrations in water. Fish early life stages may be particularly vulnerable to ATR exposure in agricultural areas, as a spring influx of pesticides coincides with spawning and early development. Our objectives were to investigate the effects of early life stage exposure to ATR or the model estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) on sexual differentiation and gene expression in gonad tissue. We exposed newly hatched largemouth bass (LMB, Micropterus salmoides) from 7 to 80 days post-spawn to nominal concentrations of 1, 10, or 100 µg ATR/L or 1 or 10 ng EE2/L and monitored histological development and transcriptomic changes in gonad tissue. We observed a nearly 100% female sex ratio in LMB exposed to EE2 at 10 ng/L, presumably due to sex reversal of males. Many gonad genes were differentially expressed between sexes. Multidimensional scaling revealed clustering by gene expression of the 1 ng EE2/L and 100 µg ATR/L-treated male fish. Some pathways responsive to EE2 exposure were not sex-specific. We observed differential expression in male gonad in LMB exposed to EE2 at 1 ng/L of several genes involved in reproductive development and function, including star, cyp11a2, ddx4 (previously vasa), wnt5b, cyp1a and samhd1. Expression of star, cyp11a2 and cyp1a in males was also responsive to ATR exposure. Overall, our results confirm that early development is a sensitive window for estrogenic endocrine disruption in LMB and are consistent with the hypothesis that ATR exposure induces some estrogenic responses in the developing gonad. However, ATR-specific and EE2-specific responses were also observed.

Francis Lions: The Early Development of His Interest in Coordination Chemistry

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Hawkins ◽  
Harold A. Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Coordination Chemistry ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Chelating Agents ◽  
Linus Pauling ◽  
Successful Design ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Function

A letter written by Francis Lions to Linus Pauling in 1939 sheds light on the early development of Lions' work in the field of coordination chemistry. Together with the subject matter of some of his relatively early publications, it reveals how he was developing the synthetic strategies that later were applied to the successful design and function of sexadentate chelating agents.

Retinoic acid receptors’ expression and function during zebrafish early development

2013 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Oliveira ◽  
Marta Casado ◽  
Demetrio Raldúa ◽  
Amadeu Soares ◽  
Carlos Barata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Retinoic Acid Receptors ◽  
And Function

Expression and Function of Cell Adhesion Molecules during the Early Development of the Heart

1990 ◽  
Vol 588 (1 Embryonic Ori) ◽  
pp. 73-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
STANLEY HOFFMAN ◽  
KATHRYN L. CROSSIN ◽  
ELLEN A. PREDIGER ◽  
BRUCE A. CUNNINGHAM ◽  
GERALD M. EDELMAN
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Cell Adhesion Molecules ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Analysis of Polycerate Mutants Reveals the Evolutionary Co-option of HOXD1 to Determine the Number and Topology of Horns in Bovidae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélie Allais-Bonnet ◽  
Aurélie Hintermann ◽  
Marie-Christine Deloche ◽  
Raphaël Cornette ◽  
Philippe Bardou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Morphogenetic Field ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
And Topology ◽  
Rare Populations ◽  
And Function

Abstract In the course of evolution, pecorans (i.e. higher ruminants) developed a remarkable diversity of osseous cranial appendages, collectively referred to as ‘headgear’, which likely share the same origin and genetic basis. However, the nature and function of the genetic determinants underlying their number and position remain elusive. Jacob and other rare populations of sheep and goats, are characterized by polyceraty, the presence of more than two horns. Here, we characterize distinct POLYCERATE alleles in each species, both associated with defective HOXD1 function. We show that haploinsufficiency at this locus results in the splitting of horn bud primordia, likely following the abnormal extension of an initial morphogenetic field. These results highlight the key role played by this gene in headgear patterning and illustrate the evolutionary co-option of a gene involved in the early development of bilateria to properly fix the position and number of these distinctive organs of Bovidae.

scholarly journals Analysis of Polycerate Mutants Reveals the Evolutionary Co-option of HOXD1 for Horn Patterning in Bovidae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélie Allais-Bonnet ◽  
Aurélie Hintermann ◽  
Marie-Christine Deloche ◽  
Raphaël Cornette ◽  
Philippe Bardou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Morphogenetic Field ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Rare Populations ◽  
And Function

Abstract In the course of evolution, pecorans (i.e., higher ruminants) developed a remarkable diversity of osseous cranial appendages, collectively referred to as “headgear,” which likely share the same origin and genetic basis. However, the nature and function of the genetic determinants underlying their number and position remain elusive. Jacob and other rare populations of sheep and goats are characterized by polyceraty, the presence of more than two horns. Here, we characterize distinct POLYCERATE alleles in each species, both associated with defective HOXD1 function. We show that haploinsufficiency at this locus results in the splitting of horn bud primordia, likely following the abnormal extension of an initial morphogenetic field. These results highlight the key role played by this gene in headgear patterning and illustrate the evolutionary co-option of a gene involved in the early development of bilateria to properly fix the position and number of these distinctive organs of Bovidae.

The Adventures of Sonic Hedgehog in Development and Repair. IV. Sonic hedgehog processing, secretion, and function in the stomach

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (5) ◽  
pp. G1105-G1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yana Zavros
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Parietal Cells ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Gastric Tissue ◽  
Normal Differentiation ◽  
And Function

Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is recognized as one of the main morphogens that regulates cell differentiation during early development of the stomach. In the adult stomach, Shh is expressed and secreted from the acid-producing parietal cells, where it is believed to play an essential role in gastric tissue homeostasis and normal differentiation of the epithelium. The present Themes article focuses on reviewing the literature and controversies surrounding the processing and secretion and the role of Shh in the adult stomach.

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