Layerwise numerical and experimental impact analysis of temperature-dependent transversely flexible composite plates with embedded SMA wires in thermal environments

2016 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. 692-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shariyat ◽  
A. Niknami
Keyword(s):  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Thermal Environments

scholarly journals Exposure of Agriculture Workers to Pesticides: The Effect of Heat on Protective Glove Performance and Skin Exposure to Dichlorvos

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh Thredgold ◽  
Sharyn Gaskin ◽  
Chloe Quy ◽  
Dino Pisaniello
Keyword(s):  
Skin Penetration ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Organophosphate Insecticide ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Thermal Environments ◽  
Transdermal Penetration ◽  
Dermal Uptake ◽  
Chemical Permeation ◽  
Published Research ◽  
Kinetics Of

Dichlorvos is a toxic organophosphate insecticide that is used in agriculture and other insecticide applications. Dermal uptake is a known exposure route for dichlorvos and chemical protective gloves are commonly utilized. Chemical handling and application may occur in a variety of thermal environments, and the rates of both chemical permeation through gloves and transdermal penetration may vary significantly with temperature. There has been no published research on the temperature-dependent kinetics of these processes for dichlorvos and thus, this study reports on the effects of hot conditions for the concentrated and application strength chemical. Dichlorvos breakthrough times for non-disposable polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gloves at 60 °C were approximately halved compared to 25 °C for the concentrate (2 vs. 4 h) and more than halved at application strength (3 vs. >8 h). From permeation experiments covering 15–60 °C, there was a 460-fold increase in cumulative permeation over 8 h for the concentrated dichlorvos and the estimated activation energy halved. Elevated temperature was also shown to be a significant factor for human skin penetration increasing the cumulative penetration of concentrate dichlorvos from 179 ± 37 to 1315 ± 362 µg/cm2 (p = 0.0032) and application strength from 29.8 ± 5.7 to 115 ± 19 µg/cm2 (p = 0.0131). This work illustrates the important role temperature plays in glove performance and health risk via dermal exposure. As such, it is important to consider in-use conditions of temperature when implementing chemical hygiene programs.

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