The effect of stacking sequence on the impact and post-impact behavior of woven/knit fabric glass/epoxy hybrid composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 119-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaattin Aktaş ◽  
Mehmet Aktaş ◽  
Fatih Turan
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Stacking Sequence ◽  
Post Impact ◽  
The Impact

Resolving the Unique Invariant Slip-Direction in Rigid Three-Dimensional Multi-Point Impacts at Stick-Slip Transitions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Chatterjee ◽  
Alan Bowling
Keyword(s):  
Single Point ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Slip Direction ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Impact Forces ◽  
Post Impact ◽  
Impact Problems ◽  
Slip Transition ◽  
The Impact

This work presents a new approach for resolving the unique invariant slip direction at Stick-Slip Transition during impact. The solution method presented in this work is applicable to both single-point and multi-point impact problems. The proposed method utilizes rigid body constraints to resolve the impact forces at all collision points in terms of a single independent impact forces parameter. This work also uses an energetic coefficient of restitution to terminate impact events, thereby yielding energetically consistent post-impact behavior.

Impacted of Vacuum Bag Woven Kenaf/Fiberglass Hybrid Composite

2014 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
pp. 572-577
Author(s):  
Syarifah Yunus ◽  
Z. Salleh ◽  
M.A. Aznan ◽  
M.N. Berhan ◽  
A. Kalam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Damage Area ◽  
Bending Stresses ◽  
Post Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Woven Kenaf

This paper discusses the mechanical properties of woven kenaf/fiberglass hybrid composites which has been fabricating using vacuum bag technique. Kenaf fiber had chosen among others natural fibres due to its excellent mechanical properties and potential natural raw fiber to replace plastic or tobacco in manufacturing a multitude of products for the construction, automotive, textile and advanced technology sectors. This study investigates post impact tensile of kenaf hybrid composites and its surface fractured. The impact energy used consists of 4J, 6J, 8J, 12J and 16J. The specimens were clamped between two plate rings with an internal hole diameter of 18mm and impacted with hemispherical nose impactor shape with diameter size of 12.7mm. The results revealed that this kenaf hybrid composite showed significant decreasing of strength and modulus as increasing the impact energy. The damage area affected with fiber fracture occurred much later in fracture process due to high bending stresses.

Vibrations due to Impact in a Non Ideal Mechanical System With a Non-Linear Hertzian Contact Model

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helio A. Navarro ◽  
Jose M. Balthazar ◽  
Reyolando M. L. R. F. Brasil
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical System ◽  
Rigid Wall ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Hertzian Contact ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Steady State Responses ◽  
Post Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
State Responses

This work analyses the post impact behavior of a mechanical system consisting of an oscillator and an unbalanced non–ideal electrical motor. The impact between the mechanical system and a rigid wall is based on the assumption that the impacting bodies undergo local deformations. The method used in the present work is similar to the Discrete Element Method for particle systems modeled with a “soft–sphere” mechanism. The contact forces are modeled using a nonlinear damped Hertzian Spring-Dashpot system. The mathematical model of the mechanical system is represented by a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The transient and steady-state responses are discussed. As the motor is considered a non ideal energy source, the Sommerfeld effect is also analyzed. The impact model is first applied for a single freely falling particle and then in the proposed mechanical system. Non-dimensional expressions for the contact force and numerical simulations of the mechanical system behavior are also presented.

Study of the Stick-Slip Transition of Newton’s Cradle With Friction

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Rodriguez ◽  
Alan Bowling
Keyword(s):  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Multiple Point ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Kinematic Relationship ◽  
Short Time Span ◽  
Post Impact ◽  
Newton’S Cradle ◽  
Six Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Slip Transition ◽  
The Impact

This work uses a new discrete approach to analyze the stick-slip transition of Newton’s cradle with frictional contact. The consideration of friction here leads to a simultaneous, multiple point, indeterminate collision. This work strictly adheres to the assumptions of rigid body modeling in conjunction with the notion that the configuration of the system are constant in the short time span of the collision, which enforces a kinematic relationship between the impact points. The post-impact velocities are determined by using the work-energy relationship of a collision and an energetic coefficient of restitution (ECOR) to model energy dissipation. A three and six degree-of-freedom (DOF) model of the system is considered in this work to examine the stick-slip transition and simulate the post-impact behavior. Simulations are conducted for each model using different coefficients of friction (COFs). The results obtained are compared to theoretical and experimental results reported in other works.

scholarly journals Energy absorption of composite materials under high velocity impact

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramin Amid
Keyword(s):  
High Velocity ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Stacking Sequence ◽  
High Velocity Impact ◽  
Threshold Velocity ◽  
Velocity Impact ◽  
Graphite Composites ◽  
The Impact

Many studies were directed toward understanding damage patterns in composite laminates and determining the damage development sequence upon high velocity impact. Damage accumulation depends on projectile velocity and on a number of other parameters, so that it is not possible to set strict limits between the different regimes. However, experiments show that, for a given set of experimental conditions where the impact speed is the only variable, there is a certain threshold velocity below which no detectable damage occurs. Above the threshold velocity, no surface damage is observed except for a small indentation at the contact point, but significant internal damage consisting of delaminating and matrix cracks is introduced. As the impact velocity increases further, surface damage due mainly to fiber breakage is introduced. For very high speeds, the target does not have time to deform, and perforation occurs, leaving a clean hole in the sample. The objective of this study is to develop a mathematical model that corresponds to the deformed geometry under high velocity impact applications for composite laminates. A total of 100 tests were conducted on composite laminates, struck by cylindrohemispherical projectiles at normal incidents with velocities up to about 100 mls. The types of materials, used this study, are AS4/3051, IM7/5250 CarbonlEpoxy and TI003 Glass/Epoxy. The strain energy was obtained by derivation of the proposed deflection function. The strain energy was plotted with respect to the deflection of the mid-plane and, then correlated through dynamic correlation factors to actual kinetic energy during the impact. The dynamic correlation factors were determined using a genetic algorithm regression analysis. Two types of materials were tested, namely plain graphite composites and hybrid composites. The growth of the delamination and also the effect of varying the stacking sequence were investigated for the different type of materials and various orientations. The mathematical model appears to provide a reasonable representation of the deformation of composite laminates during the penetration by a cylindro-hemispherical projectile. Furthermore, hybrid composites appear to provide more resistance to the impact, whereas plain composites have less resistance with respect to the higher velocities. It was concluded that, the change of the material in a hybrid composite affects the growth of the damaged area and also reduces the impact penetration resistance. Hence, IM7/E-Glass hybrid has a higher resistance to the penetration. Measurements of the energy levels of the hybrid composites indicated that they offer the highest resistance to ballistic perforation. The hybrid composites perforated at velocities between 77 mls and 83 (mls), whereas the graphite composites perforated at velocities between 48 m/s and 59 (mls). The higher perforation resistance is attributed to the reduced level of delamination generated during the impact, and also the addition of the E-Glass, which was capable of absorbing more energy during the impact. In studying the graphite composites, the best orientation in terms of the stacking sequence was found to be [(45, -45, 0, 90) 2 ] S , which indicates that this stacking sequence withstand higher velocity and hence absorbs more energy during the impact. Therefore, the quasi-isotropi corientation [(45, -45, 0, 90) 2 ] S is best for impact resistance if a laminate is not combined with E-Glass. The ballistic-limit velocity prior to perforation for the Quasi-isotropic laminate was measured as 58.9 m/s. This is a significant increase compared to the other plain graphite samples. The energy required for the complete perforation is approximately 48% higher in this stacking sequence as compared to other plain Graphite specimens. It was also found that the energy absorption capability is reduced significantly in the cross-ply laminates. The penetration resistance of the [(0,90,0,90) 2 ] S laminate and the energy required for perforation are approximately 50% less than the other plain graphite specimens.

scholarly journals Effect of Braiding Angle on the Impact and Post-Impact Behavior of 3D Braided Composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Yan ◽  
L. Y. Guo ◽  
J. Y. Zhao ◽  
X. M. Lu ◽  
T. Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Braided Composites ◽  
3D Braided Composites ◽  
Post Impact ◽  
Braiding Angle ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Influence of the stacking sequence on the low-energy impact resistance of flax/PA11 composite

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (22) ◽  
pp. 3187-3198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yann Lebaupin ◽  
Thuy-Quynh T Hoang ◽  
Michaël Chauvin ◽  
Fabienne Touchard
Keyword(s):  
Impact Load ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Stacking Sequence ◽  
Polyamide 11 ◽  
Energy Impact ◽  
Isotropic Composite ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, the low-energy impact behavior of a fully biobased composite made of bio-sourced polyamide 11 resin reinforced with flax fibers was investigated. Different composite laminates were studied in order to determine the stacking sequence effects on the impact behavior of these composites. Four stacking sequences were manufactured: unidirectional [0°]8, cross-ply [0°/90°]2s, sandwich-like [02°/902°]s and quasi-isotropic [45°/0/−45°/90°]s. A low impact energy of 3.6 J was applied on these laminates by means of a drop weight impact tower. The impact properties of these lay-ups were ascertained by analysing the impact load history, the maximal displacement of the impactor and the absorbed energy. Damage after impact was further assessed by visual inspections, topographic measurements, C-scan and X-ray micro-tomography observations. The results show that impact damage of composite plates is highly influenced by fiber orientation. The impact test data are in good agreement with damage analysis after impact and indicate that stacking plies in the same orientation lead to a larger induced damage, which is responsible for energy dissipation. The quasi-isotropic composite has the smallest induced damage and the highest peak load. Otherwise, the sandwich-like sequence shows the lowest peak load, the highest energy absorption and significant induced damage. Therefore, it is necessary to choose the most suitable lay-up, in terms of impact behavior, for each considered industrial application.

scholarly journals The Impact Characteristics of Fabric Reinforced Hybrid Composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Bunea ◽  
Radu Bosoanca ◽  
Cristian Eni ◽  
Nicoleta Cristache ◽  
Victorita Stefanescu
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Glass Fabric ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Hybrid Laminates ◽  
Impact Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

In this research, the impact behavior of hybrid composite materials subjected to low-velocity impact using the drop-weight installation was investigated. For this study were manufactured eight hybrid materials. All the materials were tested to 90J impact energy. The effect of fabric types used in outer layers on impact performance was studied. The impact characteristics of hybrid materials with G1 glass fabric sheets were compared with those of hybrid materials with G2 glass fabric sheets. The damage surfaces of hybrid laminates were examined by visual investigation. The results obtained showed that the using of G2 glass fabric in structure of hybrid materials improved considerable the impact characteristics.

scholarly journals Prediction of the Impact Behavior of Bio-hybrid Composites Using Finite Element Method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Mocerino ◽  
Luca Boccarusso ◽  
Dario De Fazio ◽  
Massimo Durante ◽  
Antonio Langella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Internal Damage ◽  
Hemp Fibers ◽  
Shell Elements ◽  
Ductile Behavior ◽  
The Impact

The use of composite hybridization using both synthetic and natural fibers, is one of the most established way to combine the advantages of each material that forms the composite system in order to obtain a composite with good in-plane and out-of-plane properties. For example, as pointed out in authors previous research works, considering carbon/hemp hybrid composites, it is possible to combine the ductile behavior and the capacity to absorb energy of hemp fibers with the higher strength and stiffness of carbon allowing the development of a hybrid system with enhanced energy absorption capability, reduced production cost and lower environmental impact respect to traditional carbon fibers composites. The aim of this work is to investigate both experimentally and numerically the mechanical behavior at impact of pure carbon, pure hemp and carbon/hemp hybrid composite laminate. Low velocity impact tests at 10 J and 20 J were carried and non-destructive analyses were performed for each impact energy to evaluate the internal damage extent. The same tests were numerically simulated with LS-DYNA software using shell elements and different material cards (i.e. MAT 54/55, MAT 24 depending on typology of fibers) and contact conditions in order to find the best configuration that matches the experimental results.

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