Social cognition in schizophrenia: The role of mentalizing in moral dilemma decision-making

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Koelkebeck ◽  
Lisa Kuegler ◽  
Waldemar Kohl ◽  
Alva Engell ◽  
Rebekka Lencer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Moral Dilemma

scholarly journals The Role of Temperature in Moral Decision-Making: Limited Reproducibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryunosuke Sudo ◽  
Satoshi F. Nakashima ◽  
Masatoshi Ukezono ◽  
Yuji Takano ◽  
Johan Lauwereyns
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Temperature Effect ◽  
Moral Dilemma ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Moral Decision ◽  
Moral Decision Making

Temperature is one of the major environmental factors that people are exposed to on a daily basis, often in conditions that do not afford control. It is known that heat and cold can influence a person’s productivity and performance in simple tasks. With respect to social cognition, it has also been suggested that temperature impacts on relatively high-level forms of decision-making. For instance, previous research demonstrated that cold temperature promotes utilitarian judgment in a moral dilemma task. This effect could be due to psychological processing, when a cool temperature primes a set of internal representations (associated with “coldness”). Alternatively, the promotion of utilitarian judgment in cold conditions could be due to physiological interference from temperature, impeding on social cognition. Refuting both explanations of psychological or physiological processing, however, it has been suggested that there may be problems of reproducibility in the literature on temperature modulating complex or abstract information processing. To examine the role of temperature in moral decision-making, we conducted a series of experiments using ambient and haptic temperature with careful manipulation checks and modified task methodology. Experiment 1 manipulated room temperature with cool (21°C), control (24°C) and hot (27°C) conditions and found only a cool temperature effect, promoting utilitarian judgment as in the previous study. Experiment 2 manipulated the intensity of haptic temperature but failed to obtain the cool temperature effect. Experiments 3 and 4 examined the generalizability of the cool ambient temperature effect with another moral judgment task and with manipulation of exposure duration. However, again there were no cool temperature effects, suggesting a lack of reproducibility. Despite successful manipulations of temperature in all four experiments, as measured in body temperature and the participants’ self-reported perception, we found no systematic influence of temperature on moral decision-making. A Bayesian meta-analysis of the four experiments showed that the overall data tended to provide strong support in favor of the null hypothesis. We propose that, at least in the range of temperatures from 21 to 27°C, the cool temperature effect in moral decision-making is not a robust phenomenon.

Moral dilemma in adolescence: The role of values, prosocial moral reasoning and moral disengagement in helping decision making

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marinella Paciello ◽  
Roberta Fida ◽  
Carlo Tramontano ◽  
Ellie Cole ◽  
Luca Cerniglia
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Moral Dilemma

Values to be Caught and Taught: The Response of the Church to the Teenage Moral Dilemma

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-35
Author(s):  
Rian Prins
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Moral Development ◽  
Moral Dilemma ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Community Of Faith ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Church

This paper discusses a number of factors that hamper moral development and which indicates that purposeful and well-planned attention must be paid to the moral development of the youth. The church, especially, has an important responsibility and a great opportunity in this respect. The role of the church is, primarily, not what it does for the youth, but what it should be for the youth, namely a true community of faith. Through identification with the congregation, identification with the congregation's values and norms takes place. Moral consultation and decision-making should function within such a context. Moral development takes place within the dialectic relationship of initiation and communication of values and norms.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

Refining our understanding of the “elephant in the room”

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Whiten
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Technological Culture

Abstract The authors do the field of cultural evolution a service by exploring the role of non-social cognition in human cumulative technological culture, truly neglected in comparison with socio-cognitive abilities frequently assumed to be the primary drivers. Some specifics of their delineation of the critical factors are problematic, however. I highlight recent chimpanzee–human comparative findings that should help refine such analyses.

The Role of Shared Decision-Making in Audiologic Rehabilitation

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Pryce ◽  
Amanda Hall
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Treatment Information ◽  
Centered Care ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Audiologic Rehabilitation

Shared decision-making (SDM), a component of patient-centered care, is the process in which the clinician and patient both participate in decision-making about treatment; information is shared between the parties and both agree with the decision. Shared decision-making is appropriate for health care conditions in which there is more than one evidence-based treatment or management option that have different benefits and risks. The patient's involvement ensures that the decisions regarding treatment are sensitive to the patient's values and preferences. Audiologic rehabilitation requires substantial behavior changes on the part of patients and includes benefits to their communication as well as compromises and potential risks. This article identifies the importance of shared decision-making in audiologic rehabilitation and the changes required to implement it effectively.

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