External-cause mortality after psychologic trauma: the effects of stress exposure and predisposition

2006 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 503-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Boscarino
Keyword(s):  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Effects Of Stress

scholarly journals Extinction recall of fear memories formed before stress is not affected despite amygdalar hyperactivity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mostafizur Rahman ◽  
Ashutosh Shukla ◽  
Sumantra Chattarji
Keyword(s):  
Normal Stress ◽  
Fear Extinction ◽  
Theta Activity ◽  
Prior Exposure ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Theta Frequency ◽  
Directional Coupling ◽  
Effects Of Stress

AbstractStress is known to exert its detrimental effects not only by enhancing fear, but also by impairing its extinction. However, in earlier studies stress exposure invariably preceded both processes. Thus, compared to unstressed animals, stressed animals had to extinguish fear memories from higher levels of freezing caused by prior exposure to stress. Here we decouple the two processes to examine if stress specifically impairs fear extinction. Strikingly, when fear memories were formed before stress exposure, thereby allowing animals to initiate extinction from comparable levels of fear, recall of fear extinction was unaffected. Despite this we observed a persistent increase in theta activity in the BLA. Theta activity in the mPFC, by contrast, was normal. Stress also disrupted mPFC-BLA theta-frequency synchrony and directional coupling. Thus, in the absence of the fear-enhancing effects of stress, the expression of fear reflects normal regulation of mPFC activity, not stress-induced hyperactivity in the amygdala.

scholarly journals Rapid-Onset Anti-Stress Effects of a Kappa-Opioid Receptor Antagonist, LY2795050, Against Immobility in an Open Space Swim Paradigm in Male and Female Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Baynard ◽  
Thomas E. Prisinzano ◽  
Eduardo R. Butelman
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Kappa Opioid Receptor ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Kappa Opioid ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Effects Of Stress

The kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) / dynorphin system is implicated with behavioral and neurobiological effects of stress exposure (including heavy exposure to drugs of abuse) in translational animal models. Thus some KOR-antagonists can decrease the aversive, depressant-like and anxiety-like effects caused by stress exposure. The first generation of selective KOR-antagonists have slow onsets (hours) and extremely long durations of action (days-weeks), in vivo. A new generation of KOR antagonists with rapid onset and shorter duration of action can potentially decrease the effects of stress exposure in translational models, and may be of interest for medication development. This study examined the rapid onset anti-stress effects of one of the shorter acting novel KOR-antagonists (LY2795050, (3-chloro-4-(4-(((2S)-2-pyridin-3-ylpyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl) phenoxy)benzamide)) in a single-session open space swim (OSS) stress paradigm (15 min duration), in adult male and female C57BL/6 J mice. LY2795050 (0.32 mg/kg, i.p.) had rapid onset (within 15 min) and short duration (<3 h) of KOR-antagonist effects, based on its blockade of the locomotor depressant effects of the KOR-agonist U50,488 (10 mg/kg). LY2795050 (0.32 mg/kg), when administered only 1 min prior to the OSS stress paradigm, decreased immobility in males, but not females. With a slightly longer pretreatment time (15 min), this dose of LY2795050 decreased immobility in both males and females. A 10-fold smaller dose of LY2795050 (0.032 mg/kg) was inactive in the OSS, showing dose-dependence of this anti-stress effect. Overall, these studies show that a novel KOR-antagonist can produce very rapid onset anti-immobility effects in this model of acute stress exposure.

scholarly journals Extinction recall of fear memories formed before stress is not affected despite higher theta activity in the amygdala

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mostafizur Rahman ◽  
Ashutosh Shukla ◽  
Sumantra Chattarji
Keyword(s):  
Normal Stress ◽  
Fear Extinction ◽  
Theta Activity ◽  
Prior Exposure ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Theta Frequency ◽  
Directional Coupling ◽  
Effects Of Stress

Stress is known to exert its detrimental effects not only by enhancing fear, but also by impairing its extinction. However, in earlier studies stress exposure preceded both processes. Thus, compared to unstressed animals, stressed animals had to extinguish fear memories that were strengthened by prior exposure to stress. Here, we dissociate the two processes to examine if stress specifically impairs the acquisition and recall of fear extinction. Strikingly, when fear memories were formed before stress exposure, thereby allowing animals to initiate extinction from comparable levels of fear, recall of fear extinction was unaffected. Despite this, we observed a persistent increase in theta activity in the BLA. Theta activity in the mPFC, by contrast, was normal. Stress also disrupted mPFC-BLA theta-frequency synchrony and directional coupling. Thus, in the absence of the fear-enhancing effects of stress, the expression of fear during and after extinction reflects normal regulation of theta activity in the mPFC, not theta hyperactivity in the amygdala.

Generation of aroma compounds in sourdough: Effects of stress exposure and lactobacilli–yeasts interactions

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. Guerzoni ◽  
P. Vernocchi ◽  
M. Ndagijimana ◽  
A. Gianotti ◽  
R. Lanciotti
Keyword(s):  
Aroma Compounds ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Effects Of Stress
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