Do stressful life-events or sociodemographic variables associate with depression and alexithymia among a general population?—a 3-year follow-up study

2004 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsi Honkalampi ◽  
Heli Koivumaa-Honkanen ◽  
Jukka Hintikka ◽  
Risto Antikainen ◽  
Kaisa Haatainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Sociodemographic Variables ◽  
Follow Up Study

scholarly journals Stressful life events and cognitive decline: Sex differences in the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Follow-Up Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1008-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia A. Munro ◽  
Alexandra M. Wennberg ◽  
Nicholas Bienko ◽  
William W. Eaton ◽  
Constantine G. Lyketsos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Epidemiologic Catchment Area ◽  
Follow Up Study

scholarly journals Stressful life events are not associated with the development of dementia

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sundström ◽  
Michael Rönnlund ◽  
Rolf Adolfsson ◽  
Lars-Göran Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Emotional Adjustment ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Positive Life Events

ABSTRACTBackground:The impact of stressful life events as a risk factor of dementia diseases is inconclusive. We sought to determine whether stressful negative life events are associated with incidental dementia in a population-based study with long-term follow-up. We also tested the hypothesis that the occurrence of positive life events could mitigate or overcome the possible adverse effects of negative life events on dementia conversion.Methods:The study involved 2,462 dementia-free participants aged 55 years and older. Information on life events was ascertained at baseline from a comprehensive Life Event Inventory, which included 56 questions about specific life events. For each life event, the emotional impact (both positive and negative) and emotional adjustment were asked for.Results:During follow-up, 423 participants developed dementia; of these, 240 developed Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cox regression analysis showed no association between the total number of negative life events and the incidence of dementia when adjusted solely for age and gender (hazard ratio = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.92–1.02), or with multiple adjustments for a range of covariates (hazard ratio = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.91–1.01). Similarly, neither emotional impact nor emotional adjustment to these life events was associated with incident dementia. A separate analysis of AD did not alter the results.Conclusions:The result of this population-based study finds no association between negative or positive life events and dementia. Accordingly, our results reject the hypothesis that stressful life events trigger the onset of dementia diseases.

scholarly journals 0554 Insomnia Disorder Predicts Stressful Life Events in Individuals Who Have Recently Experienced Involuntary Job Loss

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A212-A213
Author(s):  
I Skobic ◽  
G Howe ◽  
P L Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Stress Generation ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Involuntary Job Loss ◽  
Insomnia Disorder

Abstract Introduction The stress generation hypothesis posits that depressed (versus non-depressed) individuals generate more stressful life events, especially events for which they are at least partly responsible (i.e., dependent events). Insomnia disorder interferes with emotion regulation, potentially leading to impaired decision-making and increased stress generation. We hypothesized that insomnia disorder would lead to an increased number of stressful life events in our sample of adults who have recently experienced involuntary job loss. Methods Assessing Daily Activity Patterns through Occupational Transitions is a longitudinal study examining linkages between job-loss, sleep, obesity, and mental health. We used baseline and 3-month follow-up data from 137 participants who completed the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule, a contextual life event measure. Insomnia disorder was coded yes if participants met ICSD-3 criteria for a current chronic or acute insomnia disorder on the Duke Structured Interview for Sleep Disorders. Covariates included age, gender, and race. Linear and logistic regression were employed to assess changes in number of events over time. Secondary analysis examined the relationship between insomnia and dependent stressful life events specifically. Results When controlling for covariates, insomnia disorder at study baseline predicted the number of stressful life events generated between baseline and 3-month follow-up (β =.60, se=.30, t=1.99, p=.05). Conversely, events at baseline did not predict insomnia disorder at follow-up when controlling for baseline insomnia disorder (OR=.98, CI=.82-1.17). Secondary analysis revealed a trend toward increased generation of dependent events among individuals with insomnia disorder (β =.37, se=.23, t = 1.6, p=.11). Conclusion Our analyses provide preliminary evidence for a causal relationship between insomnia disorder and stress generation. Additional research is needed to replicate and examine the mechanisms behind this relationship. This extension of the stress generation hypothesis may have important implications for harm reduction interventions for insomnia disorder. Support #1R01HL117995-01A1.

Long-term outcome in pharmacotherapy-resistant patients with panic disorder treated with cognitive-behavior therapy: 5-year follow-up

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 157-157
Author(s):  
E. Heldt ◽  
C. Blaya ◽  
L. Kipper ◽  
G. Salum Junior ◽  
V.N. Hirakata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Cognitive Behavior ◽  
Long Term Treatment

BackgroundThere is a limitation of data about factors associated with treatment response in panic disorder (PD) patients at long-term follow-up period. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term treatment response of pharmacotherapy-resistant patients with PD after 5 years of cognitive-behavior group therapy (CBGT) and to identify factors that predict this outcome.MethodSixty-four patients who completed 12 sessions of CBGT were followed for 5-year. Outcome measures were evaluated by the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) and quality of life (QoL) using WHOQOL-bref. Demographic and clinical features, stressful life events were the variables investigated as predictors of CBGT response across follow-up period.ResultsTreatment was associated with significant reduction in symptoms severity (agoraphobia, anticipatory anxiety and panic attacks) with maintenance of gains at 5-year of follow-up (p < 0.05). Twenty-four (40%) of the sample remained in remission after 5 years, 12 (20%) relapsed during the follow-up period and 24 (40%) were non-responder to CBGT. The poor CBGT response had an important negative impact in QoL. Regression analyzes showed that comorbidity with dysthymia (p = 0.017) and stressful life events (p = 0.012) as the most important predictors to worse response.ConclusionsThe improvement in all evaluations suggested that brief CBGT for pharmacotherapy-resistant patients could be an alternative as next-step strategy for residual symptoms with maintenance of the gains after 5 years as assessed across follow-up period. New strategies should be tried for resistant patients, such as those with dysthymia comorbidity, and some specific tool in order to cope with adverse events.

Timing of Stressful Life Events Affects Stability and Change of Neuroticism

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriëtte Riese ◽  
Harold Snieder ◽  
Bertus F. Jeronimus ◽  
Tellervo Korhonen ◽  
Richard J. Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Twin Pair ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Dizygotic Twin ◽  
Stability And Change ◽  
Set Point ◽  
High Baseline

Neuroticism is a predictor of many health problems. To study the determinants of within–subject change in neuroticism, three hypotheses were tested: (i) subjects who experienced stressful life events (SLEs) show an increase in neuroticism; (ii) high baseline neuroticism moderated this effect; and (iii) recent SLEs had a greater impact on neuroticism than distant SLEs. Data came from the Finnish Twin Cohort. Neuroticism data were collected in 1975 and 1981 and SLEs data in 1981 (n = 21 085). By entering baseline neuroticism as a predictor for neuroticism at follow–up, the outcome measure was change in neuroticism. Changes in neuroticism were predicted from SLE indices or their interaction with baseline neuroticism. Timing of SLEs was taken into account by distinguishing recent from distant SLEs. To control for confounding by shared genes and environments, both within–twin pair and between–twin pair effects were tested for monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs separately. Neuroticism's six–year stability was high (r = .58, p < .001). Exposure to SLEs modestly increased neuroticism (βs > .55, ps < .001), unconfounded by shared genes. This effect was not moderated by high baseline neuroticism. Recent SLEs (.09 < βs < .15) had more impact than distant SLEs (.03 < βs < .11; ps < .01). In conclusion, the findings strongly supported a model of environmentally driven SLEs causing dynamic fluctuations around a person's set point of neuroticism. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals Frequency of stressful life events and associations with mental health and general subjective health in the general population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Nanette Tibubos ◽  
Juliane Burghardt ◽  
Eva M. Klein ◽  
Elmar Brähler ◽  
Claus Jünger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Subjective Health ◽  
Stressful Life

scholarly journals Relationship between sexual orientation and psychotic experiences in the general population in England

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Jacob ◽  
Lee Smith ◽  
Daragh McDermott ◽  
Josep Maria Haro ◽  
Andrew Stickley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
General Population ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Non-heterosexual individuals are at high risk for a variety of factors associated with the emergence of psychotic experiences (PEs) (e.g. common mental disorders, substance use, and stress). However, there is a scarcity of data on the association between sexual orientation and PEs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the sexual orientation-PE relationship, and to identify potential mediators in this relationship. Methods This study used nationally representative cross-sectional data from the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey. Sexual orientation was dichotomized into heterosexual and non-heterosexual. Past 12-month PE was assessed with the Psychosis Screening Questionnaire. Regression and mediation analyses were conducted to analyze the association between sexual orientation and PEs, and to identify potential mediators involved in this relationship. Results The final sample consisted of 7275 individuals aged ⩾16 years. The prevalence of non-heterosexual orientation and any PE was 7.1% and 5.5%, respectively. After adjusting for sex, age, and ethnicity, non-heterosexual orientation was positively associated with any PE (odds ratio 1.99, 95% confidence interval 1.34–2.93). The strongest mediators involved in this relationship were borderline personality disorder (BPD) traits (mediated percentage = 33.5%), loneliness (29.1%), and stressful life events (25.4%). Conclusions These findings suggest that there is a positive relationship between sexual orientation and PEs in the general population in England, and that underlying mechanisms may involve BPD traits, loneliness, and stressful life events. Future studies with a longitudinal design are warranted to shed more light on how these factors are implicated in the association between sexual orientation and PEs.

Stressful Life Events and Cognitive Decline: Sex Differences in the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Follow-Up

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. S139
Author(s):  
Cynthia A. Munro ◽  
Alexandra M. Wennberg ◽  
William W. Eaton ◽  
Constantine G. Lyketsos ◽  
Adam P. Spira
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Epidemiologic Catchment Area
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