Analysis of tensile and flexural modulus in hemp strands/polypropylene composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 339-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.X. Espinach ◽  
F. Julian ◽  
N. Verdaguer ◽  
Ll. Torres ◽  
M.A. Pelach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Polypropylene Composites

scholarly journals Improving the mechanical properties of polypropylene composites with coconut shell particles

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 263498332110074
Author(s):  
Henry C Obasi ◽  
Uchechi C Mark ◽  
Udochukwu Mark
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Filler Particle ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
Pp Composites ◽  
Shell Particles

Conventional inorganic fillers are widely used as fillers for polymer-based composites. Though, their processing difficulties and cost have demanded the quest for credible alternatives of organic origin like coconut shell fillers. Dried shells of coconut were burnt, ground, and sifted to sizes of 63, 150, 300, and 425 µm. The ground coconut shell particles (CSP) were used as a filler to prepare polypropylene (PP) composites at filler contents of 0% to 40% via injection melt blending process to produce PP composite sheets. The effect of the filler particle size on the mechanical properties was investigated. The decrease in the size of filler (CSP) was found to improve the yield strength, tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and hardness of PP by 8.5 MPa, 15.75 MPa, 1.72 GPa, 7.5 MPa, 100 MPa, and 10.5 HR for 63 µm at 40%, respectively. However, the elongation at break and modulus of resilience of the PP composites were seen to increase with increase in the filler size. Scanning electron microscope analysis showed that fillers with 63 µm particle size had the best distribution and interaction with the PP matrix resulting in enhanced properties.

scholarly journals Effects of Waste Expanded Polypropylene as Recycled Matrix on the Flexural, Impact, and Heat Deflection Temperature Properties of Kenaf Fiber/Polypropylene Composites

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2578
Author(s):  
Junghoon Kim ◽  
Donghwan Cho
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Izod Impact ◽  
Pp Composites ◽  
Heat Deflection Temperature ◽  
Kenaf Fibers

Waste Expanded polypropylene (EPP) was utilized as recycled matrix for kenaf fiber-reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites produced using chopped kenaf fibers and crushed EPP waste. The flexural properties, impact strength, and heat deflection temperature (HDT) of kenaf fiber/PP composites were highly enhanced by using waste EPP, compared to those by using virgin PP. The flexural modulus and strength of the composites with waste EPP were 98% and 55% higher than those with virgin PP at the same kenaf contents, respectively. The Izod impact strength and HDT were 31% and 12% higher with waste EPP than with virgin PP, respectively. The present study indicates that waste EPP would be feasible as recycled matrix for replacing conventional PP matrix in natural fiber composites.

Study of effect of wood-flour content on mechanical, thermal, rheological properties and thermoformability of wood-polypropylene composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepti Marathe ◽  
Hemant Joshi ◽  
Pratiksha Kambli ◽  
Pramod Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Small Amplitude Oscillatory Shear ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical

Abstract Wood plastic composites (WPC) were made from polypropylene (PP), impact copolymer (ICP) and wood flour (WF) by varying the WF content from 10 to 40% with PP grafted maleic anhydride as a coupling agent. The effect of varying WF content was studied on rheological, thermal, mechanical properties and dynamic mechanical properties. Experimental small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) data was compared with the Einstein–Batchelor and empirical Krieger–Dougherty relations. Significant dependence of mechanical and rheological properties on WF content was observed. Young’s modulus, flexural modulus and dynamic shear viscosity increased with WF content. Results of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed increase in storage modulus with WF content. Three millimeter thick compression molded composites sheets were thermoformed using axisymmetric molds with two draw depths. Sag observed visually during thermoforming decreased with increasing WF content. Components made from the composites showed close to uniform thickness distribution as compared to those from ICP.

scholarly journals Hybrid green organic/inorganic filler polypropylene composites: Morphological study and mechanical performance investigations

e-Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 710-721
Author(s):  
Mohammed T. Hayajneh ◽  
Faris M. AL-Oqla ◽  
Mu’ayyad M. Al-Shrida
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Inorganic Filler ◽  
Hybrid Filler ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Polypropylene Matrix ◽  
Mechanical Performances ◽  
Flexural Tests

Abstract In this study, the morphological and mechanical performances of hybrid green organic and inorganic filler composites were investigated. Various hybrid reinforcements using natural waste fillers including lemon leaves and eggshells were utilized for the study. The tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation to break, flexural strength, and flexural modulus were investigated for the composites with polypropylene matrix. The results revealed that eggshells composites had the best values for both tensile and flexural tests while lemon leaves composites had the lowest values. However, the hybrid filler (lemon leaves-eggshells) had intermediate values. The poor properties of lemon leaves were attributed to the agglomeration and weak bonding presented by the morphological analysis of the hybrid composites.

Potential use of cotton dust as filler in the production of thermoplastic composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (30) ◽  
pp. 4147-4155
Author(s):  
Nadir Ayrilmis ◽  
Türker Güleç ◽  
Emrah Peşman ◽  
Alperen Kaymakci
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Cotton Dust ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Significant Difference

The effect of cotton dust as filler on the mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene composites was investigated and the results were compared with the properties of wood plastic composites. Cotton dust was obtained from the dust filtration system located in a textile manufacturing unit. Different mixtures of cotton dust (30 to 60 wt%) or wood flour (30 to 60 wt%) were compounded with polypropylene with a coupling agent (maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene 3 wt%) in a twin-screw co-rotating extruder. The test specimens were produced by injection molding machine. The tensile strength and flexural modulus of the specimens improved with the increase in the filler content. There was no significant difference in the strength and modulus values between the cotton dust and wood flour filled composites. The highest thermal stability was found to be in the composites produced with 40 wt% of cotton dust according to the results of differential scanning calorimetry analysis. Based on the findings obtained from the present study, the optimum mechanical and thermal properties for the filled polypropylene composites were found to be a 50/50/3 formulation of cotton dust, polypropylene, and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, respectively.

scholarly journals Crystallization Behavior and Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composites

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuming Wang ◽  
Lihong Cheng ◽  
Xiaoqian Cui ◽  
Weihong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Crystallization Ability ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Different Content

Glass fiber with different content and different kinds of compatibilizers were used to prepare glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene (GFRP) composites. β-nucleating agent with different content was used to prepare β-polypropylene (PP), after which the toughness, crystallization ability and heat resistance were all enhanced. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) showed that the crystallite degree and crystallization ability were all greatly improved and β-PP was in dominant position. At last, both β-nucleating agent and glass fiber were used to modify the PP composites (β-GFRP). The formation of β-form PP made the matrix softer, which was beneficial for energy absorption and enhancement of toughness. The tensile strength, flexural strength and flexural modulus were improved dramatically, which were attributed to the coeffect of framework structure of GF and β-form PP.

Polypropylene composites reinforced with hybrid inorganic fillers: Morphological, mechanical, and rheological properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 848-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakhar Mittal ◽  
Shiva Naresh ◽  
Priyanka Luthra ◽  
Amardeep Singh ◽  
Jatinder Singh Dhaliwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Filler Particle ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Filler Particle Size ◽  
Size Type ◽  
Mineral Fillers

Mineral fillers like talc and mica are commonly used in the plastic industry because of their tendency to alter the properties of thermoplastic materials. Polypropylene (PP)-talc (PTC), PP-mica (PMC), and PP-talc/mica hybrid composites (PHC) were prepared. Results indicated that filler particle size, type, and content greatly influence the mechanical and rheological properties of the composites. Shear viscosity decreased with the increase in shear rate. At 40°C, an increase of approximately 120% in storage modulus ( E′) was observed in PMC composites. C parameter increased, whereas reinforcing efficiency ( r) decreased with the increase in filler loading. Percent elongation of each type of composites decreased with the increase in filler loading. Tensile modulus of PTC composite increased significantly by 103% (571 MPa) at 20% loading of talc, whereas for PHC and PMC composites, increase of 93% (543 MPa) and 81% (511 MPa) was observed. Flexural modulus also increased considerably by 88% (2413 MPa), 80% (2313 MPa), and 62% (2084 MPa) of PTC, PHC, and PMC composites at 20% filler loading.

scholarly journals Investigation on the Tensile and Flexural Properties of Coir-fibre-reinforced Polypropylene Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Begum ◽  
M. A. Islam ◽  
M. M. Huque
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Coir Fibre ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Pp Composites

The utilization of natural fibres as reinforcement in polymer composites has been increased significantly for their lightweight, low cost, high specific strength, modulus and biodegradable characteristic. In this present work, the mechanical properties of randomly distributed short coir-fibre-reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites have been studied as a function of fibre loading. In order to improve the composite’s mechanical properties, raw coir fibres were treated with 1% alkali (NaOH) solution. Both raw and alkali treated coir-fibre-reinforced PP composites were prepared with different fibre loadings (10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 wt%) using a double roller open mixer machine and injection molding machine. The mechanical properties, such as tensile strength (TS), tensile modulus (TM), flexural strength (FS) and flexural modulus (FM) were investigated for the prepared composites. The alkali treated coir-fibre-reinforced PP composites showed better results in mechanical properties compared to untreated composites. Finally, the optical microscopic studies were carried out on fractured surfaces of the tensile test specimens, which indicated weak interfacial bonding between the fibre and the polymer.

scholarly journals The effects of poplar bark and wood content on the mechanical properties of wood-polypropylene composites

BioResources ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 5180-5192
Author(s):  
Vahidreza Safdari ◽  
Hamed Khodadadi ◽  
Seyyed Khalil Hosseinihashemi ◽  
Esmaiel Ganjian
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Fiber Strength ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Length Width

Bark, as a residue from trees, is mostly used for thermal energy production, but a better utilization of this resource was considered as an alternative raw material for wood-plastic composites (WPCs). The influence of bark, wood, and blending of bark and wood flour content of the poplar tree on the mechanical characteristics of WPCs were investigated. Wood and bark flours with 2% maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) and polypropylene were compounded into pellets using a counter-rotating twin-screw extruder, and test specimens were prepared by injection molding. The results showed that both bark fiber and wood flour increased mechanical strength (flexural strength (MOR), flexural modulus (MOE), tensile modulus, and tensile strength) significantly (P<0.05). Composites made with bark flour exhibited lower mechanical strength compared to those made with wood flour and wood flour/bark flour. Differences in chemical composition between bark and wood, fines, low aspect ratio (length/width) of bark flour, delamination between fines and matrix, and the lower intrinsic fiber strength of bark fibers compared to wood fibers are good explanations for this demarcation. The notched impact strength of all reinforced composites was significantly lower than neat polypropylene (P < 0.05).

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