Chemical imaging for measuring the time series variations of tuber dry matter and starch concentration

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 361-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Hao Su ◽  
Da-Wen Sun
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Chemical Imaging ◽  
Starch Concentration ◽  
Tuber Dry Matter

An analysis of growth of the potato crop

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Allen ◽  
R. K. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Radiation Interception ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Tuber Dry Matter ◽  
Potato Crops

SummaryLinear relationships between both total and tuber dry-matter yields and the amount of radiation intercepted by potato crops are demonstrated. Their existence suggests that, in the absenceof disease and drought, the essential objective in the production of this crop is to maximize radiation interception. This paper critically assesses the influence of factors which the grower can control on light interception and estimates potential yields for specific environments. The implications of this analysis for growers, breeders, research and the whole industry are discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Heavy Rainfall Events on the Dry Matter Yield Trend of Whole Crop Maize (Zea mays L.)

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim ◽  
Chemere ◽  
Sung
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
One Year ◽  
Heavy Rainfall Events

The objective of this study was to detect the historical dry matter yield (DMY) trend and to evaluate the effects of heavy rainfall events on the observed DMY trend of whole crop maize (WCM, Zea mays L.) using time-series analysis in Suwon, Republic of Korea. The climatic variables corresponding to the seeding to harvesting period, including the growing degree days, mean temperature, etc., of WCM along with the DMY data (n = 543) during 1982–2011, were used in the analysis. The DMY trend was detected using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with the explanatory variables (ARIMAX) form of time-series trend analysis. The optimal DMY model was found to be ARIMAX (1, 1, 1), indicating that the DMY trend follows the mean DMY of the preceding one year and the residual of the preceding one year with an integration level of 1. Furthermore, the SHGDD and SHHR were determined to be the main variables responsible for the observed trend in the DMY of WCM. During heavy rainfall events, the DMY was found to be decreasing by 4745.27 kg/ha (p < 0.01). Our analysis also revealed that both the intensity and frequency of heavy rainfall events have been increasing since 2005. The forecasted DMY indicates the potential decrease, which is expected to be 11,607 kg/ha by 2045. This study provided us evidence for the correlation between the DMY and heavy rainfall events that opens the way to provide solutions for challenges that summer forage crops face in the Republic of Korea.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Association Analysis for Tuber Dry Matter and Oxidative Browning in Water Yam (Dioscorea alata L.)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cobes Gatarira ◽  
Paterne Agre ◽  
Ryo Matsumoto ◽  
Alex Edemodu ◽  
Victor Adetimirin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Analysis ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Significant Snps ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Enzymatic Oxidation ◽  
Dioscorea Alata ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Tuber Dry Matter ◽  
Water Yam

Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is a nutritional and medicinal staple tuber crop grown in the tropics and sub-tropics. Among the food yam species, water yam (Dioscorea alata L.) is the most widely distributed and cultivated species worldwide. Tuber dry matter content (DMC) and oxidative browning (OxB) are important quality attributes that determine cultivar acceptability in water yam. This study used a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assay from a diversity arrays technology (DArT) platform for a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the two quality traits in a panel of 100 water yam clones grown in three environments. The marker–trait association analysis identified significant SNPs associated with tuber DMC on chromosomes 6 and 19 and with OxB on chromosome 5. The significant SNPs cumulatively explained 45.87 and 12.74% of the total phenotypic variation for the tuber DMC and OxB, respectively. Gene annotation for the significant SNP loci identified important genes associated in the process of the proteolytic modification of carbohydrates in the dry matter accumulation pathway as well as fatty acid β-oxidation in peroxisome for enzymatic oxidation. Additional putative genes were also identified in the peak SNP sites for both tuber dry matter and enzymatic oxidation with unknown functions. The results of this study provide valuable insight for further dissection of the genetic architecture of tuber dry matter and enzymatic oxidation in water yam. They also highlight SNP variants and genes useful for genomics-informed selection decisions in the breeding process for improving food quality traits in water yam.

Influence of production and storage conditions on subsequent growth and tuber yield of potato (Solanum spp.) in the hot tropics

1992 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Midmore ◽  
J. Roca
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Plant Vigour ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
Tuber Dry Matter ◽  
Hot Season ◽  
Good Quality Seed ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Cool Conditions

SummaryA series of experiments to quantify the response of diverse potato genotypes to production and storage conditions in hot climates was carried out in 1984–87 at three sites in Peru, two of which were characterized by at least one hot season per year. Yield stability and field performance of seed tubers of six clones produced in situ, and stored in diffused light (DLS) or cold stored (CS), were compared with those of good quality seed tubers produced and stored in cool conditions. The yield potential of tubers produced in hot climates and grown as (i) a double crop per year with short DLS (1–4 months) (ii) a single crop per year with long DLS (c. 8 months) and (iii) a single crop per year with long CS (c. 8 months) was compared with that of seed tubers produced in cool conditions and introduced in successive crops.The first replanting of tubers produced in hot climates resulted in lower yield than that of coolproduced tubers. Yield reductions in clones ranged from 30 to 93% when replanted within 4 months, from 10 to 100% when replanted after 7–10·5 months of DLS and from 0 to 82% after similar periods of CS. Reduced yield was often due to poor plant vigour and crop growth leading to inefficient interception of solar radiation. There was, however, no evidence that the efficiency of utilization of intercepted radiation for tuber dry matter production was influenced by storage treatment. Poor sprout growth at planting reduced yield considerably for late clones in double cropping. Low dry matter content of tubers produced in hot climates did not influence emergence rate, but was related to poor plant vigour in the first replant under warmer conditions. Replanting and storage in hot climates did not enhance the initial reduction of tuber dry matter, which was evident after the first hot season. Tuber yields continued to decline, particularly under single cropping with long DLS.For the clones studied, CS would be a feasible storage method for potato production in hot climates if replanted tubers were used on an annual basis. For double cropping, short dormancy is essential; however, poor plant vigour results in additional yield reductions. Our data indicate that clonal selection for maximum production in hot climates should take into account the proposed or existing production and storage schemes.

Effects of defoliation and time of harvest on tuber dry-matter percentage of Pentland Crown Potatoes

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 723-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Wilcockson
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Tuber Size ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Mechanical Method ◽  
Tuber Dry Matter ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Time Of Harvest ◽  
Main Factor

Two experiments are reported which investigated the effects of time and method of crop defoliation and of extending the interval between defoliation and harvest on the relationship between dry-matter percentage and tuber size in Pentland Crown potatoes.Differences in average tuber dry-matter content between seasons and treatments were large, but the relationship between tuber dry-matter percentage and tuber size was always negatively quadratic. The dry-matter content of tubers of all sizes invariably decreased after defoliation, by about 0·6 % on average for each week that harvest was delayed in 1983 and 0·3 % in 1984. The largest decrease was from 22·7 to 16·7 % over the 10-week period following mechanical defoliation in mid-August 1983. In 1984, chemical defoliation in mid-August gave a smaller decrease than the mechanical method (0·25 and 0·38%/week) but their effects were similar when carried out in mid-September. Water uptake was the main factor responsible for the decrease because evidence showed that fresh weights of tubers increased proportionally following defoliation whilst dry weights remained virtually constant.Natural senescence was late in both seasons experiments so that the crops foliage was still mostly alive when defoliation occurred, even in September and early October. Thus, the relatively large effects of late defoliation may have been greater than might be expected where haulm senescence is already well advanced by this time and water uptake has almost ceased. Nevertheless, the decline in dry-matter percentage which may occur between defoliation and harvest can be extremely important where potatoes for processing are concerned. It could make them unacceptable for particular outlets and should be considered when defoliation and harvesting programmes are planned.

Croissance et tubérisation du radis (Raphanus sativus) selon la durée d'éclairement

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 1834-1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Combe ◽  
Ph. Quetin ◽  
G. Decoux
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Main Criterion ◽  
Tuber Dry Matter ◽  
Light Duration ◽  
Trophic Action

Radish tuberization was studied with plants grown in a controlled-environment room at 19 °C day and night, with a daily light duration (radiant flux density, 600 μmol m−2 s−1 photosynthetically active radiations (PAR)) varying from 4 to 24 h at 2 h intervals. Day length did not seem to play a role in the initiation of tuberization: tuber thickening began after about 50 h of cumulative light exposure for all treatments. Moreover, two light treatments with the same daily photosynthetic balance, 8 h a day at high saturating irradiance (600 μmol m−2 s−1 PAR) and 16 h a day at low irradiance (200 μmol m−2 s−1 PAR), resulted in the same growth and tuberization regardless of day length. When the photoperiod is shorter than 7 h, it can modify leaf area, but for longer photoperiods, age is the main criterion determining foliage area. Cumulative light exposure determines the tuber dry matter to foliage dry matter ratio (tuberization index) if the day length is shorter than 16 h; if it is not, plant age alone determines the tuberization index. Day length has an effect on radish tuberization essentially because of its trophic action by photo-synthetic assimilate allocation to tuber thickening.

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