Predicting apple sugar content based on spectral characteristics of apple tree leaf in different phenological phases

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 20-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Zhang ◽  
Lihua Zheng ◽  
Minzan Li ◽  
Xiaolei Deng ◽  
Ronghua Ji
Keyword(s):  
Apple Tree ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Tree Leaf ◽  
Phenological Phases

scholarly journals Eurotium Cristatum Postfermentation of Fireweed and Apple Tree Leaf Herbal Teas

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Tatiana A. Efimenko ◽  
Elena F. Shanenko ◽  
Tatiana G. Mukhamedzhanova ◽  
Olga V. Efremenkova ◽  
Yuriy A. Nikolayev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Food Product ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Tree Leaf ◽  
Chamaenerion Angustifolium

Fungi Eurotium spp. are the main biological agents that ferment the leaves of the Camellia sinensis tea bush to form a popular food product, postfermented tea. The fungus E. cristatum, stored in the collection of the Gause Institute of New Antibiotics under the number INA 01267, was isolated and identified from a briquette of Fujian Chinese tea. The species identification was carried out based on morphocultural characteristics and DNA sequencing. This study is aimed at determining the feasibility of making postfermented herbal teas using E. cristatum and to evaluate their quality. Autofermented herbal teas from Chamaenerion angustifolium (fireweed) and Malus domestica (apple tree) served as the starting material for this study. The change in the concentration of phenolic compounds, organic acids, sugars, and free amino acids was observed for herbal teas subjected to postfermentation with E. cristatum INA 01267. It was found that the E. cristatum INA 01267 strain does not have antimicrobial activity and does not form mycotoxins, which is an indicator of food safety.

scholarly journals Flowering, fruiting and physiology of apple tree under different irrigation levels in the Brazilian semiarid region

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cíntia Martins De Oliveira ◽  
Welson Lima Simões ◽  
Paulo Roberto Coelho Lopes ◽  
José Bezerra Da Silva ◽  
Emanoel Jurema Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Opposite Behavior ◽  
Irrigation Levels

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation levels on flowering, fruit set, carbohydrate and protein content and gas exchange, of apple varietiesin the Brazilian semiarid region. The experimental design was a randomized block with split plots with five replications and four plot irrigation levels (60, 80, 100, and 120% of the reference evapotranspiration (ETo)) and the subplots with two cultivars (Juliet and Princess). As a result, it was found that the number of flowers (NFL), fruits (NFR), shoot percentage (SP) and fruit set (FS) were higher in cv. Juliet. The number of buds (NB) and the fertility index (FI) were higher in cv. Princess. With regard to metabolites, reducing sugar content (RS) had no significant effect among cultivars. The non-reducing sugar content (NRS), total soluble sugar (TSS) and total soluble proteins (TSP) were higher in cv. Princess. As for irrigation depths, TSP, sprouting, flowering and fruit set increased along with the amount of water applied, while the RS, NRS and TSS contents had the opposite behavior.

scholarly journals Characteristics of blooming, floral nectaries and nectar of Malus sargentii Rehd.

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽  
Marta Dmitruk
Keyword(s):  
Apple Tree ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Flowering Duration ◽  
Flower Visitation ◽  
Orange Yellow ◽  
Daily Rate ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
Floral Nectaries ◽  
Nectariferous Tissue

In the years 2007-2008, the flowering biology of <i>Malus sargentii</i>, an ornamental apple tree native to Japan, was studied in the conditions of Lublin (Poland). The daily rate of flower opening, flowering duration and flower visitation by insects were determined. The amount of nectar produced per flower and sugar content in the nectar were investigated. The size of nectaries and the micromorphology of their surface were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the greatest amount of flowers opened between 11.00 and 13.00. During this time, the largest number of insects was observed in the flowers. Bees (90%) were predominant among the insects, with a much smaller number of bumblebees (6%) and butterflies (4%). The flower life span was 5 days. Over this period, the flower produced, on the average, 0.71 mg of nectar with an average sugar content of 32%. The nectaries of <i>Malus sargentii</i> are orange-yellow coloured and they represent the hypanthial type. Due to the protrusion of the nectariferous tissue, they are classified as automorphic nectaries. The surface of the epidermal cells of the nectary was distinguished by distinct cuticle folds. A small number of stomata were located only in the basal part of the nectary. At the beginning of flowering, all stomata were closed, but secretion traces were observed near well-developed outer cuticular ledges.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF ADAPTABILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY PROPERTIES OF APPLE TREE VARIETIES IN TRANSCARPATHIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 160-169
Author(s):  
N.F. SHAKHNOVYCH
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Productivity Indices ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Phenological Phases

The research resulted in determining the main phenological phases of growth and development of various varieties of apple tree, their adaptability characteristics, productivity, and resistance to major diseases and pests. The best varieties have been singled out Edera, Topaz, Champion, Pinova, and Reanda that are well accustomed to the growing conditions, have high growth and productivity indices on wilding 54-118. Keywords: аpple tree, varieties, fruitage, diseases, pests, productivity

scholarly journals Spectral characteristics of the mutant protein D-glucose/D-galactose-binding protein GGBP/H152C with an attached fluorescent dye BADAN: Influence of external conditions

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander V Fonin ◽  
Olga V Stepanenko ◽  
Olga I Povarov ◽  
Catherine A Volova ◽  
Elizaveta M Filippova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitive Element ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cysteine Residue ◽  
Glucose Biosensor ◽  
Mutant Form ◽  
Biosensor System

The mutant form of the D-glucose/D-galactose-binding protein GGBP/H152C with the solvatochromic dye BADAN attached to cysteine residue Cys 152 can be used as a potential base for a sensitive element of glucose biosensor system. We investigated the influence of various factors on the physical-chemical properties of GGBP/H152C-BADAN and on its complexation with glicose . The high affinity (K d = 8.5 μM) and rapid binding of glucose ( even in solutions with a viscosity value of 4 cP, the formation time of the protein-glucose is not longer than three seconds ) allows for theuse of GGBP/H152C-BADAN to determine the sugar content in biological fluids extracted using transdermal techniques. It was shown that the changes in the ionic strength and pH within the physiological range did not have a significant influence on the fluorescent characteristics of GGBP/H152C-BADAN. The mutant form GGBP/H152C has relatively low resistance to denaturation action. This result emphasizes the need to find more stable proteins for the creation of a sensitive element for a glucose biosensor system.

scholarly journals Testing and validation of DRIS for apple tree

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilmar Ribeiro Nachtigall ◽  
Antonio Roque Dechen
Keyword(s):  
Apple Tree ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Tree Leaf ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Nutritional Balance ◽  
Balance Index

To evaluate three procedures of the calculation of DRIS indices, as well as the efficiency of DRIS as a method for the interpretation of apple tree leaf analyses. This study uses data collected in apple producing areas of the Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina States, Brazil. The concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, boron, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc were determined in the leaf samples. The validation of the DRIS method used results of an experiment of potassium fertilization. The DRIS indices were calculated using two criteria for the choice of the ratio order of nutrients (F value ratio of variance of the relationships among nutrients between the reference group and the low productivity group, and R value - correlation coefficients between the productivity and the relationship between pairs of nutrients) and three forms of calculation of nutrient functions (methods of Beaufils, Jones and Elwali & Gascho). The Nutritional Balance Index (NBI) presented negative correlation with the productivity in all combinations. The DRIS method described by Elwali & Gascho, using the F value, presented a performance similar to the criterion of sufficiency range, and it can be used for the interpretation of foliar analysis of apple trees, because it presents values of the nutritional balance index that indicates the nutritional status of the plants, and for the efficiency in the nutritional diagnosis of the crop.

scholarly journals The Influence of Agrotechnological Tools on cv. Rubin Apples Quality

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 463
Author(s):  
Kristina Laužikė ◽  
Nobertas Uselis ◽  
Giedrė Samuolienė
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
The World

With the growing demand for quality food in the world, there is a new ambition to produce high-quality apples seeking reduced cultivation costs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of agrotechnological tools on the quality of cv. Rubin apples during the harvest. The apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh.) cv. Rubin was grafted on dwarfing rootstocks P60, planted in single rows spaced 1.25 m between trees and 3.5 m between rows. Six agrotechnological tools were used—hand pruning, mechanical pruning, trunk incision, calcium-prohexadione, summer pruning and mechanical pruning one side, changing sides annually. The agrotechnical tools had no significant effect on accumulation of most sugars and elements, malic, folic and succinic acids in the fruits. Mechanical pruning resulted in significant accumulation of phenolic compounds, antioxidants, ascorbic acid, but reduced the amount of glucose compared to hand pruning. However, the trunk incision or spraying with ca-prohexadione together with mechanical pruning had no significant effect on sugar content but resulted in significantly higher amounts of phenols, antioxidants, ascorbic acid, Fe and Mn and reduced starch and citric acid.

scholarly journals Prospects of treatment grapes in Crimea with locally produced chelate microfertilizers

2020 ◽  
pp. 216-220
Author(s):  
Наталья Васильевна Алейникова ◽  
Нина Владимировна Цирульникова ◽  
Павел Александрович Диденко ◽  
Елена Аркадьевна Никулина ◽  
Светлана Валентиновна Левченко
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Production Control ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
The South ◽  
Control Chemical ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Phenological Phases

В статье представлены результаты исследований 2018-2019 гг., проведенных в почвенно-климатических условиях Южнобережной зоны виноградарства Крыма по изучению влияния внекорневых подкормок хелатными микроудобрениями Хелат В и Хелатон Экстра на винограде ценного технического сорта Каберне-Совиньон. В ходе исследований не выявлено изменений в продолжительности и сроках наступления фенологических фаз развития винограда на фоне применения изучаемых микроудобрений. Показано положительное влияние данных препаратов на вегетативное и генеративное развитие, количественные и качественные показатели урожая виноградной лозы. Экспериментально установлено, что двукратная внекорневая подкормка винограда изучаемыми микроудобрениями способствовала увеличению урожая в среднем на 11,8 % (0,7 т/га), увеличению прироста куста на 11,3 % (242,2 см3) и вызреванию однолетней лозы на 5 % в сравнении с производственным контролем. В опыте с использованием удобрения Хелатон Экстра отмечено улучшение химического состава ягод: содержание сахаров увеличилось на 8,5 %, содержание титруемых кислот снизилось на 7,1 %. The article presents the results of research of 2018-2019, conducted in the soil and climatic conditions of the South Coast zone of viticulture of Crimea to study the effect of foliar dressing with chelate microfertilizers Chelate B and Chelaton Extra on grapes of valuable wine variety ‘Cabernet-Sauvignon’. The study did not reveal any changes in the duration and timing of phenological phases of grape development on the back of application of the studied microfertilizers. The positive effect of these preparations on vegetative and generative development, quantitative and qualitative indicators of the grapevine yield is shown. It is experimentally established that double foliar processing of grapes with studied microfertilizers contributes to an increase in yield by 11.8% (0.7 t/ha), an increase in the bush growth by 11.3% (242.2 cm3) and ripening of an annual vine by 5% in comparison with production control. Chemical composition of berries was improved in the experiment when using Chelaton Extra fertilizer: sugar content increased by 8.5%, content of titratable acids decreased by 7.1%.

scholarly journals Increasing risks of apple tree frost damage under climate change

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga Menke ◽  
Peter Pfleiderer ◽  
Carl-Friedrich Schleussner
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Frost Risk ◽  
Compound Event ◽  
Climate Simulations ◽  
Plant Characteristics ◽  
Phenological Phases

&lt;p&gt;The impacts of global warming on agriculture and crop production are already visible today and are projected to intensify in the future. As horticultural and agricultural systems are complex organisms, their responses to changing climate can be non-linear and at times counter-intuitive. These systems undergo yearly cycles of growth with different plant characteristics in each of their phenological phases. They are thus especially sensitive to changes in seasonality besides changes in the annual mean and single extreme events.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Here we show that as a result of warmer winters, the risk of frost damages on apple trees in Germany is projected to be about 10% higher in a 2&amp;#176;C world compared to today. Warmer winters lead to less frost days but also to earlier apple blossom. This can result in overall increase in years where frost days occur after blossom.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Using large ensemble climate simulations, we analyze this compound event of frost days after blossom &amp;#8211; frost days after warm winters. Although the projected shift in blossom day and the decrease in frost days is relatively homogeneous over Germany, the change in frost risk varies considerably between regions. Our results highlight the importance of treating frost risk as a compound event of frost days after warm winters instead of comparing the average shift in blossom days with the decrease in frost days.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Reference: Pfleiderer, P., Menke, I. &amp; Schleussner, C.-F. Increasing risks of apple tree frost damage under climate change. Clim. Change (2019). doi:10.1007/s10584-019-02570-y&lt;/p&gt;

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