A multipath variant of SCTP with optimized flow division extension

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 56-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samar Shailendra ◽  
R. Bhattacharjee ◽  
Sanjay K. Bose
Keyword(s):  
Flow Division

scholarly journals Multiple Mechanical Ventilation: historical review and cost analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yina Faizully Quintero-Gamboa ◽  
Carlos Andrés Aguirre-Rodríguez ◽  
Aradeisy Ibarra-Picón ◽  
Edwin Rua-Ramírez ◽  
Edwin Gilberto Medina-Bejarano
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Mechanical Ventilator ◽  
Mechanical Ventilators ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Flow Division ◽  
Flow Splitter

In times of crisis in public health where the resources available in the hospital network are scarce and these must be used to the fullest, innovative ideas arise, which allow multiplying the use of existing resources, as artificial mechanical ventilators can be. These can be used in more than one patient, by attaching a device to distribute the mixture of air and oxygen from the ventilator being used simultaneously (multiple mechanical ventilation). This idea, although innovative, has generated controversy among the medical community, as many fear for the safety of their patients, because attaching such devices to the ventilator loses control over the mechanical ventilation variables of each patient and can only maintain general vigilance over the ventilator. These misgivings about the device have led several researchers to take on the task of verifying the reliability of this flow splitter connector. It is for this reason that this article presents a thorough review of the studies carried out on the subject and additionally shows an analysis of comparative costs between the acquisition of a mechanical ventilator and the flow division system.

Study of biofluid mechanics at arterial bifurcations: Importance of flow division ratio as a parameter

Biorheology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 267-274
Author(s):  
T. Matsuo ◽  
R. Okeda ◽  
K. Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Biofluid Mechanics ◽  
Division Ratio ◽  
Flow Division

Branching design of the bronchial tree based on a diameter-flow relationship

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 968-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroko Kitaoka ◽  
Béla Suki
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Probability Distribution Function ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
Bronchial Tree ◽  
Cumulative Probability ◽  
Cumulative Probability Distribution ◽  
Tree Models ◽  
Flow Division

Kitaoka, Hiroko, and Béla Suki. Branching design of the bronchial tree based on a diameter-flow relationship. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(3): 968–976, 1997.—We propose a method for designing the bronchial tree where the branching process is stochastic and the diameter ( d) of a branch is determined by its flow rate (Q). We use two principles: the continuum equation for flow division and a power-law relationship between d and Q, given by Q ∼ d n, where n is the diameter exponent. The value of n has been suggested to be ∼3. We assume that flow is divided iteratively with a random variable for the flow-division ratio, defined as the ratio of flow in the branch to that in its parent branch. We show that the cumulative probability distribution function of Q, P(>Q) is proportional to Q−1. We analyzed prior morphometric airway data (O. G. Raabe, H. C. Yeh, H. M. Schum, and R. F. Phalen, Report No. LF-53, 1976) and found that the cumulative probability distribution function of diameters, P(> d), is proportional to d −n, which supports the validity of Q ∼ d n since P(>Q) ∼ Q−1. This allowed us to assign diameters to the segments of the flow-branching pattern. We modeled the bronchial trees of four mammals and found that their statistical features were in good accordance with the morphometric data. We conclude that our design method is appropriate for robust generation of bronchial tree models.

scholarly journals Development of Biological Movement Recognition by Interaction between Active Basis Model and Fuzzy Optical Flow Division

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bardia Yousefi ◽  
Chu Kiong Loo
Keyword(s):  
Optical Flow ◽  
Human Action Recognition ◽  
General Characteristic ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Biological Movement ◽  
Movement Recognition ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Flow Division ◽  
Form Information

Following the study on computational neuroscience through functional magnetic resonance imaging claimed that human action recognition in the brain of mammalian pursues two separated streams, that is, dorsal and ventral streams. It follows up by two pathways in the bioinspired model, which are specialized for motion and form information analysis (Giese and Poggio 2003). Active basis model is used to form information which is different from orientations and scales of Gabor wavelets to form a dictionary regarding object recognition (human). Also biologically movement optic-flow patterns utilized. As motion information guides share sketch algorithm in form pathway for adjustment plus it helps to prevent wrong recognition. A synergetic neural network is utilized to generate prototype templates, representing general characteristic form of every class. Having predefined templates, classifying performs based on multitemplate matching. As every human action has one action prototype, there are some overlapping and consistency among these templates. Using fuzzy optical flow division scoring can prevent motivation for misrecognition. We successfully apply proposed model on the human action video obtained from KTH human action database. Proposed approach follows the interaction between dorsal and ventral processing streams in the original model of the biological movement recognition. The attained results indicate promising outcome and improvement in robustness using proposed approach.

Hydraulic flow division and ram synchronization in a high-density baler

1992 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 273-287
Author(s):  
C.R. Burrows ◽  
J.N. Reed ◽  
P. Hogan ◽  
S.P. Tomlinson ◽  
M.A. Neale
Keyword(s):  
High Density ◽  
Hydraulic Flow ◽  
Flow Division

Modeling and Analysis of a Flow Divider Valve

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minter Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Differential ◽  
Spring Constant ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Load Pressure ◽  
Orifice Area ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Flow Divider ◽  
Spring Force ◽  
Flow Division ◽  
Increasing Load

Flow divider valves are often used in hydraulic systems to synchronize actuators. The basic structure of the flow divider valve is by incorporating a compensating spool to maintain equal pressure drops across metering orifices. Ideally, flow divider valve splits a single source flow into two parts under a specified ratio regardless of load conditions. In practical applications, any change in load pressure will cause force imbalance on the compensating spool, which will alter the flow rates through the metering orifices and affect the control accuracy consequently. In this study, the steady and dynamic performances of a flow divider valve are simulated numerically by solving the characteristic equations. The parameters studied in this research are centering spring constant, compensating spool mass, and metering orifice area. The simulation results show that flow force is the key factor to affect the flow division accuracy. Flow division error increases with increasing the load pressure differential, centering spring constant, and metering orifice area. Even though decreasing the spring force or the metering orifice area can reduce division error, the spring force still needs to be large enough to overcome the spool static friction and the orifice area cannot be too small to lose energy efficiency. Dynamic division error increases with increasing load pressure differential and metering orifice area but with decreasing spool mass. Increasing load pressure differential, spool mass, and metering orifice area will enhance the oscillatory tendency and increase the valve settling time. The centering spring constant has no obvious effect on the valve dynamic response.

Gas–liquid two-phase flow division at a micro-T-junction

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (13) ◽  
pp. 3986-3993 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Azzi ◽  
A. Al-Attiyah ◽  
Liu Qi ◽  
W. Cheema ◽  
B.J. Azzopardi
Keyword(s):  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Flow Division

A Numerical Multiscale Study of the Haemodynamics in an Image-Based Model of Human Carotid Artery Bifurcation

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Gallo ◽  
Raffaele Ponzini ◽  
Filippo Consolo ◽  
Diana Massai ◽  
Luca Antiga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Wall Shear Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Carotid Bifurcation ◽  
Wall Shear ◽  
Flow Division

The initiation and progression of vessel wall pathologies have been linked to disturbances of blood flow and altered wall shear stress. The development of computational techniques in fluid dynamics, together with the increasing performances of hardware and software allow to routinely solve problems on a virtual environment, helping to understand the role of biomechanics factors in the healthy and diseased cardiovascular system and to reveal the interplay of biology and local fluid dynamics nearly intractable in the past, opening to detailed investigation of parameters affecting disease progression. One of the major difficulties encountered when wishing to model accurately the cardiovascular system is that the flow dynamics of the blood in a specific vascular district is strictly related to the global systemic dynamics. The multiscale modelling approach for the description of blood flow into vessels consists in coupling a detailed model of the district of interest in the framework of a synthetic description of the surrounding areas of the vascular net [1]. In the present work, we aim at evaluating the effect of boundary conditions on wall shear stress (WSS) related vessel wall indexes and on bulk flow topology inside a carotid bifurcation. To do it, we coupled an image-based 3D model of carotid bifurcation (local computational domain), with a lumped parameters (0D) model (global domain) which allows for physiological mimicking of the haemodynamics at the boundaries of the 3D carotid bifurcation model here investigated. Two WSS based blood-vessel wall interaction descriptors, the Time Averaged WSS (TAWSS), and the Oscillating Shear Index (OSI) were considered. A specific Lagrangian-based “bulk” blood flow descriptor, the Helical Flow Index (HFI) [2], was calculated in order to get a “measure” of the helical structure in the blood flow. In a first analysis the effects of the coupled 0D models on the 3D model are evaluated. The results obtained from the multiscale simulation are compared with the results of simulations performed using the same 3D model, but imposing a flow rate at internal carotid (ICA) outlet section equal to the maximum (60%) and the minimum (50%) flow division obtained out from ICA in the multiscale model simulation (the presence of the coupled 0D model gives variable internal/external flow division ratio during the cardiac cycle), and a stress free condition on the external carotid (ECA).

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