Compact optical probe for flame temperature and carbon dioxide using interband cascade laser absorption near 4.2 µm

2017 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 158-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Girard ◽  
R.M. Spearrin ◽  
C.S. Goldenstein ◽  
R.K. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Optical Probe ◽  
Laser Absorption ◽  
Interband Cascade Laser

Ultra-Low Emission Hydrogen/Syngas Combustion With a 1.3 MW Injector Using a Micro-Mixing Lean-Premix System

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Hollon ◽  
Erlendur Steinthorsson ◽  
Adel Mansour ◽  
Vincent McDonell ◽  
Howard Lee
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Nitrogen Dilution ◽  
Fuel Mixtures

This paper discusses the development and testing of a full-scale micro-mixing lean-premix injector for hydrogen and syngas fuels that demonstrated ultra-low emissions and stable operation without flashback for high-hydrogen fuels at representative full-scale operating conditions. The injector was fabricated using Macrolamination technology, which is a process by which injectors are manufactured from bonded layers. The injector utilizes sixteen micro-mixing cups for effective and rapid mixing of fuel and air in a compact package. The full scale injector is rated at 1.3 MWth when operating on natural gas at 12.4 bar (180 psi) combustor pressure. The injector operated without flash back on fuel mixtures ranging from 100% natural gas to 100% hydrogen and emissions were shown to be insensitive to operating pressure. Ultra-low NOx emissions of 3 ppm were achieved at a flame temperature of 1750 K (2690 °F) using a fuel mixture containing 50% hydrogen and 50% natural gas by volume with 40% nitrogen dilution added to the fuel stream. NOx emissions of 1.5 ppm were demonstrated at a flame temperature over 1680 K (2564 °F) using the same fuel mixture with only 10% nitrogen dilution, and NOx emissions of 3.5 ppm were demonstrated at a flame temperature of 1730 K (2650 °F) with only 10% carbon dioxide dilution. Finally, using 100% hydrogen with 30% carbon dioxide dilution, 3.6 ppm NOx emissions were demonstrated at a flame temperature over 1600 K (2420 °F). Superior operability was achieved with the injector operating at temperatures below 1470 K (2186 °F) on a fuel mixture containing 87% hydrogen and 13% natural gas. The tests validated the micro-mixing fuel injector technology and the injectors show great promise for use in future gas turbine engines operating on hydrogen, syngas or other fuel mixtures of various compositions.

scholarly journals Measurement of Atmospheric Dimethyl Sulfide with a Distributed Feedback Interband Cascade Laser

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuanke Wang ◽  
Zhenhui Du ◽  
Liming Yuan ◽  
Yiwen Ma ◽  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Tunable Laser ◽  
Distributed Feedback ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
Laser Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Atmospheric Measurements ◽  
Pure Nitrogen ◽  
Laser Absorption ◽  
Interband Cascade Laser

This paper presents a mid-infrared dimethyl sulfide (CH3SCH3, DMS) sensor based on tunable laser absorption spectroscopy with a distributed feedback interband cascade laser to measure DMS in the atmosphere. Different from previous work, in which only DMS was tested and under pure nitrogen conditions, we measured DMS mixed by common air to establish the actual atmospheric measurement environment. Moreover, we used tunable laser absorption spectroscopy with spectral fitting to enable multi-species (i.e., DMS, CH4, and H2O) measurement simultaneously. Meanwhile, we used empirical mode decomposition and greatly reduced the interference of optical fringes and noise. The sensor performances were evaluated with atmospheric mixture in laboratory conditions. The sensor’s measurement uncertainties of DMS, CH4, and H2O were as low as 80 ppb, 20 ppb, and 0.01% with an integration time 1 s, respectively. The sensor possessed a very low detection limit of 9.6 ppb with an integration time of 164 s for DMS, corresponding to an absorbance of 7.4 × 10−6, which showed a good anti-interference ability and stable performance after optical interference removal. We demonstrated that the sensor can be used for DMS measurement, as well as multi-species atmospheric measurements of DMS, H2O, and CH4 simultaneously.

Diode laser absorption probe of vibration-vibration energy transfer in carbon dioxide

1987 ◽  
Vol 91 (22) ◽  
pp. 5540-5543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Kreutz ◽  
James A. O'Neill ◽  
George W. Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Laser Absorption ◽  
Diode Laser Absorption

Research of fiber carbon dioxide sensing system based laser absorption spectrum

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yubin Wei ◽  
Tingting Zhang ◽  
Yanfang Li ◽  
Yanjie Zhao ◽  
Chang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Laser Absorption ◽  
Sensing System

Carbon dioxide laser absorption spectra and low ppb photoacoustic detection of hydrazine fuels

1980 ◽  
Vol 19 (16) ◽  
pp. 2726 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Loper ◽  
A. R. Calloway ◽  
M. A. Stamps ◽  
J. A. Gelbwachs
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Laser ◽  
Photoacoustic Detection ◽  
Laser Absorption

Carbon Dioxide Laser Absorption Spectrometer (CO2LAS) aircraft measurements of CO 2

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lance E. Christensen ◽  
Gary D. Spiers ◽  
Robert T. Menzies ◽  
Joseph C. Jacob ◽  
Jason Hyon
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Laser ◽  
Aircraft Measurements ◽  
Laser Absorption ◽  
Absorption Spectrometer
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