Study of the reaction front thickness in a counter-current fixed-bed combustor of a pelletised biomass

2012 ◽  
Vol 159 (3) ◽  
pp. 1296-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacobo Porteiro ◽  
David Patiño ◽  
Jose L. Miguez ◽  
Enrique Granada ◽  
Jorge Moran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Front ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Counter Current

scholarly journals Investigation of the Olive Mill Solid Wastes Pellets Combustion in a Counter-Current Fixed Bed Reactor

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mami ◽  
Hartmut Mätzing ◽  
Hans-Joachim Gehrmann ◽  
Dieter Stapf ◽  
Rainer Bolduan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Front ◽  
Mass Loss Rate ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Bed Temperature ◽  
Counter Current ◽  
Olive Mill

Combustion tests and gaseous emissions of olive mill solid wastes pellets (olive pomace (OP), and olive pits (OPi)) were carried out in an updraft counter-current fixed bed reactor. Along the combustion chamber axis and under a constant primary air flow rate, the bed temperatures and the mass loss rate were measured as functions of time. Moreover, the gas mixture components such as O2, organic carbon (Corg), CO, CO2, H2O, H2, SO2, and NOx (NO + NO2) were analyzed and measured. The reaction front positions were determined as well as the ignition rate and the reaction front velocity. We have found that the exhaust gases are emitted in acceptable concentrations compared to the combustion of standard wood pellets reported in the literature (EN 303-5). It is shown that the bed temperature increased from the ambient value to a maximum value ranging from 750 to 1000 °C as previously reported in the literature. The results demonstrate the promise of using olive mill solid waste pellets as an alternative biofuel for heat and/or electricity production.

scholarly journals Preliminary Evaluation of Potassium Extraction from Bamboo Ash

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 03027
Author(s):  
Tjokorde W. Samadhi ◽  
Febrizca Narcia ◽  
Hendro Amril
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Contact Period ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Counter Current

Bamboo is a potentially economical fuel crop that has not been utilized at a substantial extent for energy generation in Indonesia. As a thermal conversion waste, bamboo ash is particularly interesting due to its high potassium content. This paper discusses the determination of several key parameters of a simple batchwise extraction process to recover potassium in the form of weak solution from bamboo ash. To produce the ash, black bamboo (Gigantochloa atroviolaceae) is charred in a fixed bed combustor. The bamboo char is ground and ashed at 500 °C in an electric furnace. The ash yield is 3.3 %-mass relative to as-received ash, with an ash K2O content of 12.9 %-mass. The ash is ground until passing 100-mesh standard sieve, and extracted by deionized water on a 2-stage laboratory-scale batchwise extractor battery. Process variables include extractror battery configuration (counter-current and co-current), temperature (nominal setting at 45-80 °C), and contact period of 1-6 hours. The concentration of extracted K2O increases asymptotically with temperature and contact time. Counter-current extraction yields more than twice the extract K2O concentration compared to cross-current extraction. The optimum conditions for the counter-current extraction is identified as a temperature of 78 °C and contact time of 4 hours, resulting in a 0.70 %-mass K2O solution concentration. Spot sampling of commercial liquid fertilizer products in Indonesia indicates an equivalent K2O content of 0.08-13.6 %-mass, suggesting the potential of the bamboo ash extract as an intermediate for fertilizer product.

Biodegradation of p-toluenesulphonic acid by comamonas testosteroni in an aerobic counter-current structured packing biofilm reactor

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artem Khlebnikov ◽  
Paul Péringer
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Comamonas Testosteroni ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Active Biomass ◽  
Static Mixers ◽  
Support Matrix ◽  
Counter Current

p-Toluenesulphonic acid degradation by Comamonas testosteroni was studied in a continuously operated fixed-bed biofilm reactor. Static mixer elements (Sulzer Chemtech, Switzerland) were used as a support matrix for biofilm formation. Degradation of p-toluenesulfonate was investigated at several aeration (0.5–4 L min−1) and dilution (0.15–0.4 h−1) rates under septic conditions. The maximum observed pollutant degradation rate was 198 mg of C L−1 h−1. In spite of nonsterile conditions, a very limited range of microbial species was present in the reactor. The system was operated for over 3 months and Comamonas testosteroni used as inoculum was largely present in the biofilm (about 60% of the total microbial population) during the whole cultivation period. Two other aerobic bacterial strains detected in the biofilm were not able to degrade p-toluenesulphonic acid. High biomass attachment was observed on polypropylene static mixers. Immobilised biomass reached the level of 10.4 g of dry weight per m2 of the support and 23% of its structure was active biomass.

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