In situ FT-IR spectroscopic investigations of species from biomass fuels in a laboratory-scale combustor: the release of nitrogenous species

2004 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
A WEISSINGER
2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuihua Li ◽  
Tao Luo ◽  
Xiaoxue Zhang ◽  
Jianhong Liu ◽  
Aimin Pang ◽  
...  

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (20) ◽  
pp. 7665-7670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Müller ◽  
Harald Foerstendorf ◽  
Vinzenz Brendler ◽  
Gert Bernhard

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arati Sahasrabudhe ◽  
Salil Varma ◽  
Narendra M. Gupta

Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and in situ Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic methods were employed to investigate the effect of loading and sample temperature on the state of benzene molecules inside the channels of NaZSM-5 zeolite. TPD profiles revealed the existence of at least three distinct states of benzene adsorption, characterized by desorption peak maxima at ca. 120°C, 170°C and 220°C, respectively. Based on the growth behaviour of these bands, it is suggested that the benzene molecules occupy sinusoidal channels, straight channels and external surfaces, in that order. A reverse trend was observed during the subsequent flushing of the sample at varying temperatures. A virtually fixed amount of benzene was occluded at these three locations, depending upon the loading. The FT-IR studies revealed that the benzene molecule exists in a compressed state in the zeolitic channels, with the molecular clusters formed in the process dispersing only at temperatures above 150°C. For initial benzene loadings of up to ca. 1.5 molecules/unit cell, the spectrum obtained showed that in the O—H stretch region the bridge-bonded OH groups and hydroxyl groups associated with the internal zeolitic channels were perturbed simultaneously. The results show that even for a loading lower than necessary for saturation, a considerable amount of benzene remains condensed at the external surface of ZSM-5 zeolite.


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