A study of electric field-induced conductive aligned network formation in high structure carbon black/silicone oil fluids

2017 ◽  
Vol 526 ◽  
pp. 8-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Knite ◽  
A. Linarts ◽  
K. Ozols ◽  
V. Tupureina ◽  
I. Stalte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
High Structure

ER Properties of a Suspension of Polymer Graft Carbon Black Particles

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (14n16) ◽  
pp. 1682-1688
Author(s):  
Masayoshi Konishi ◽  
Teruhisa Nagashima ◽  
Yoshinobu Asako
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Zero Field ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Micron Size

We newly developed ER particles with sub-micron size. The particle was polymer graft carbon black (GCB1) composed of carbon black particles and a polymer. The average particle size of GCB1 was found to be 81 nm. An ER suspension (ER1) was obtained by mixing GCB1 (30 wt%) with silicone oil (70 wt%). The ER1 showed excellent dispersion stability. Further, GCB1 particles did not settle under centrifuging at 9000G. The zero-field viscosity was 80 mPa·s at 25°C. The kinetic friction coefficient of ER1 was 0.15, while that of the silicone oil used was 0.23. When the electric field of 3 kV/mm (AC 1000 Hz) at the temperature of 25°C and the shear rate of 700 s -1 was applied to ER1, the shear stress of 116Pa was induced. The induced shear stress did not change for a long period of time period. In the temperature range between 25 and 150°C the induced shear stress and the current density were almost constant at any electric field. When 3 kV/mm (AC 50Hz) at 25°C and 700s-1 was applied to ER1, the shear stress of 88Pa was induced but the deviation of the induced shear stress from the average value was pluses and minuses 3 Pa.

Electrical conductivity and rheological properties of carbon black based conductive polymer composites prior to and after annealing

2021 ◽  
pp. 096739112110012
Author(s):  
Qingsen Gao ◽  
Jingguang Liu ◽  
Xianhu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Percolation Threshold ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Conductive Polymer ◽  
Complex Viscosity ◽  
Electrical Percolation ◽  
Electrical Percolation Threshold

The effect of annealing on the electrical and rheological properties of polymer (poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS)) composites filled with carbon black (CB) was investigated. For a composite with CB content near the electrical percolation threshold, the formation of conductive pathways during annealing has a significant impact on electrical conductivity, complex viscosity, storage modulus and loss modulus. For the annealed samples, a reduction in the electrical and rheological percolation threshold was observed. Moreover, a simple model is proposed to explain these behaviors. This finding emphasizes the differences in network formation with respect to electrical or rheological properties as both properties belong to different physical origins.

STUDY ON NANOMORPHOLOGY OF HIGH-STRUCTURE CARBON BLACK AND ITS BOUND RUBBER BY AFM

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (01) ◽  
pp. 1250003
Author(s):  
JIAN CHEN ◽  
YONGZHONG JIN ◽  
JINGYU ZHANG ◽  
YAFENG WU ◽  
CHUNCAI MENG
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Cluster Structure ◽  
Chemical Activity ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Filled Rubber ◽  
Bound Rubber ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
High Structure

Bound rubber in carbon black (CB) filled rubber (natural rubber (NR) and styrene–butadiene rubber (SBS)) was prepared by the solvent method. The nanomorphology of CB and rubber/CB soluble rubber was observed by atomic force microscope. The results show that high-structure CB DZ13 has a "grape cluster" structure which consists of many original particles with the grain size of about 30–50 nm. Graphitizing process of CB decreases the amount of bound rubber. The NR/DZ13 soluble rubber with island–rim structure has been obtained, where the islands are DZ13 particles and the rims around the islands are occupied by NR film. But when the graphitized DZ13 particles were used as fillers of rubber, we have only observed that some graphitized DZ13 particles were deposited on the surface of the globular-like NR molecular chains, instead of the spreading of NR molecular chains along the surface of DZ13 particles, indicating that graphitized DZ13 has lower chemical activity than ungraphitized DZ13. Especially, we have already observed an interesting unusual bound rubber phenomenon, the blocked "bracelet" structure with the diameter of about 600 nm in which CB particles were blocked in ring-shaped SBS monomer.

Rheological Properties of Carbon Black Suspensions in a Silicone Oil

Langmuir ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 6041-6044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masami Kawaguchi ◽  
Maki Okuno ◽  
Tadaya Kato
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Silicone Oil

Breakups of an encapsulated surfactant-laden aqueous droplet under a DC electric field

Soft Matter ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (43) ◽  
pp. 8905-8911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Salman Abbasi ◽  
Ryungeun Song ◽  
Jinkee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Double Emulsion ◽  
Emulsion Droplet ◽  
Dc Electric Field ◽  
Aqueous Droplet

We study the breakups of a surfactant-laden aqueous/silicone oil/castor oil double emulsion droplet under an electric field.

Influence of Aggregate Structure and Matrix Infiltration on the Dispersion Behavior of Carbon Black Agglomerates

1995 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 836-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Li ◽  
D. L. Feke ◽  
I. Manas-Zloczower
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Critical Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Aggregate Structure ◽  
Dispersion Process ◽  
Dimethyl Siloxane ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
High Structure ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract The dispersion of carbon black agglomerates in poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) has been studied experimentally. Both the structure of carbon black aggregates comprising the agglomerate and the presence of the matrix within the agglomerate were found to affect the mode of dispersion, critical stress conditions, and the kinetics of the dispersion process. Agglomerates of high structure carbon black are generally more difficult to disperse than agglomerates of low structure carbon black at the same agglomerate density. Depending on the degree of saturation of the agglomerate by PDMS, the dispersion process may be either enhanced or retarded compared to the dry state.

Measurement of Interaction Forces at Small Distance under Electric Field in a Smectite Dispersed Silicone Oil Based ER Fluid

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (06n07) ◽  
pp. 811-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toyohisa FUJITA ◽  
Toshio MIYAZAKI ◽  
Toshiharu TANAKA ◽  
Ke Jun Liu ◽  
Eiich KUZUNO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Small Distance ◽  
Surface Forces ◽  
Attraction Force ◽  
Interaction Forces ◽  
Repulsive Energy ◽  
Inflection Points ◽  
Dc Electric Field ◽  
Er Fluid

The apparatus to measure interaction forces under an electric field at small distance between a conductive hemisphere and a flat plate has been developed. The surface forces at small distance sandwiched ER fluid dispersing ultrafine smectite particles (20 to 50 nm thickness) in silicone oil has been measured. This fluid shows 0.7 kPa of apparent yield stress by applying 2.5 kV/mm of DC electric field. When an electric field applies to this ER fluid, the repulsive energy curves shows inflection points at about 0.2 μ m distance periodically at small distance of less than 1 μ m because the repulsion force decreases for a vacancy of particles after the particles are pushed out and the dipole attraction force acts between hemisphere and plate. On the other hand, when the electric field becomes off and it passes enough time, the inflection points is observed more shorter distance of about 0.15 μ m periodically. The coagulated particle size is estimated about 0.15 μ m under no electric field and becomes larger by applying electric field.

scholarly journals Charge Injection Characteristics of Semi-Conductive Composites with Carbon Black-Polymer for HVDC Cable

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhui Wei ◽  
Mingyue Liu ◽  
Wang Han ◽  
Guochang Li ◽  
Chuncheng Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Bottom Electrode ◽  
Charge Injection ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Uniform Electric Field ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Electrode Structure ◽  
Depolarization Current ◽  
Conductive Composites

Semi-conductive composites composed of carbon black-polymer play an important role in uniform electric field in high voltage direct current (HVDC) cable. They also affect space charge behaviors in the insulation material. However, the charge injection characteristics of semi-conductive composites are not detailed. In this work, the electrode structure of ‘Semi-conductive composites- Insulation material- Metal bottom’ (S-I-M) is proposed, and the currents formed by injected charges from semi-conductive composites are characterized by the thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) method. Further, the experimental results based on the structure of S-I-M are compared with the traditional electrode structure of M-I-M (Metal upper electrode- Insulation material- Metal bottom electrode) and the simplified cable electrode structure of MS-I-M (Metal upper electrode-Semi-conductive electrode- Insulation material- Metal bottom electrode), respectively. The experimental results show that the semi-conductive composite plays an important role in the charge injection process and it presents a different tendency under different compound modes of temperature and electric field. For the low electric field (E ≤ 5 kV/mm) and the low temperature (T ≤ 50 °C), the current caused by the accumulated charges follows the rule, IS > IMS > IM. For the low electric field and high temperature (T > 50 °C), the current caused by the injected charges follows the rule, IMS > IM > IS. This phenomenon is closely related to the interface characterization and contact barrier.

scholarly journals The effect of an exterior electric field on the instability of dielectric plates

2020 ◽  
Vol 476 (2239) ◽  
pp. 20200267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yipin Su ◽  
Weiqiu Chen ◽  
Luis Dorfmann ◽  
Michel Destrade
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Boundary Value Problem ◽  
Small Amplitude ◽  
Nonlinear Response ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Potential Difference ◽  
Bifurcation Equation ◽  
Dielectric Plate ◽  
Planar Area ◽  
Symmetric And Antisymmetric Modes

We investigate the theoretical nonlinear response, Hessian stability, and possible wrinkling behaviour of a voltage-activated dielectric plate immersed in a tank filled with silicone oil. Fixed rigid electrodes are placed on the top and bottom of the tank, and an electric field is generated by a potential difference between the electrodes. We solve the associated incremental boundary value problem of superimposed, inhomogeneous small-amplitude wrinkles, signalling the onset of instability. We decouple the resulting bifurcation equation into symmetric and antisymmetric modes. For a neo-Hookean dielectric plate, we show that a potential difference between the electrodes can induce a thinning of the plate and thus an increase of its planar area, similar to the scenarios encountered when there is no silicone oil. However, we also find that, depending on the material and geometric parameters, an increasing applied voltage can also lead to a thickening of the plate, and thus a shrinking of its area. In that scenario, Hessian instability and wrinkling bifurcation may then occur spontaneously once some critical voltages are reached.

Effect of Mechanical Shear on the Structure of Carbon Black in Reinforced Elastomers

1970 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 943-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Gessler
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Related Result ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Aggregate Structure ◽  
Carbon Black Concentration ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Total Structure ◽  
High Structure ◽  
High Shearing

Abstract The primary aggregate structure in high structure blacks is broken down when the blacks are milled in rubber. The breakdown, it is shown further, involves the disruption initially of more easily disrupted forces, and then subsequently of more difficultly disrupted forces. If the total structure breakdown is segmented accordingly, one finds that carbon blacks differ markedly in the proportion of the breakdown which occurs in each segment. But only the breakage of more difficultly disrupted structure is identified with chemical changes in the black and with concomitantly increased carbon—polymer interaction activity, i.e., with enhanced reinforcement. In studying the breakage of aggregate black structure which occurs when the blacks are milled in rubber, the following factors are considered: (1) Carbon Black Concentration: Breakage increases continuously, though not steadily, with carbon black concentration. This result is used to emphasize the merits of concentrated black masterbatching as the means for producing high quality products from SBR, BR, and EPDM rubbers. (2) Carbon Black Structure: Taking the total structure breakage over a broad range of carbon black concentrations, the extent of the breakage increases with the extent of the primary aggregate structure in the original black. (3) Polymer Viscosity or Molecular Weight: The extent to which breakage occurs on milling increases with the polymer viscosity or molecular weight. Since this result clearly cites the need for high shearing forces during milling, the severe limitations which must attend the use of plasticizing oils is implied. (4) Open Mill vs Banbury Mixing: The extent to which breakage occurs in the Banbury is significantly less than that on the two roll mill. Evidence is presented to show that this, clearly, is a temperature related result and, as in (3) above, that the magnitude of the shearing forces is the critical factor.

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