A cross-sectional examination of response inhibition and working memory on the Stroop task

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 19-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Duell ◽  
Grace Icenogle ◽  
Karol Silva ◽  
Jason Chein ◽  
Laurence Steinberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Cross Sectional

The role of age, working memory, and response inhibition in deviance distraction: A cross-sectional study.

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 1381-1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Leiva ◽  
Pilar Andrés ◽  
Mateu Servera ◽  
Frederick Verbruggen ◽  
Fabrice B. R. Parmentier
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Psychosis-like experiences and cognition in young adults: an observational and Mendelian randomisation study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Skirrow ◽  
Steph Suddell ◽  
Liam Mahedy ◽  
Ian S Penton-Voak ◽  
Marcus Munafo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Facial Emotion Recognition ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
Mendelian Randomisation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prospective Analyses

Background: Psychosis-like experiences (PLEs) are common and associated with mental health problems and poorer cognitive function. There is limited longitudinal research examining associations between cognition and PLEs in early adulthood. Aims: We investigated the association of PLEs with different domains of cognitive function, using cross-sectional and longitudinal observational, and Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses. Method: Participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) completed tasks of working memory at age 18 and 24, and tasks of response inhibition and facial emotion recognition at age 24. Semi-structured interviews at age 18 and 24 established presence of PLEs (none vs. suspected/definite). Cross-sectional and prospective regression analysis tested associations between PLEs and cognition (N=3,087 imputed sample). MR examined causal pathways between schizophrenia liability and cognition. Results: The fully adjusted models indicated that PLEs were associated with poorer working memory performance (cross-sectional analyses: b=-0.18, 95% CI -0.27 to -0.08, p<0.001; prospective analyses: b=-0.18, 95% CI -0.31 to -0.06, p<0.01). A similar pattern of results was found for PLEs and response inhibition (cross-sectional analyses: b=7.29, 95% CI 0.96 to 13.62, p=0.02; prospective analyses: b=10.29, 95% CI 1.78 to 18.97, p=0.02). We did not find evidence to suggest an association between PLEs and facial emotion recognition. MR analyses were underpowered and did not support observational results. Conclusions: In young adults, PLEs are associated with poorer concurrent and future working memory and response inhibition. Better powered genetically informed studies are needed to determine if these associations are causal.

scholarly journals Association between Hippocampal Volume and Working Memory in 10,000+ 9–10-Year-Old Children: Sex Differences

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 411
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari ◽  
Shanika Boyce ◽  
Tanja Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Right

Aim: This study tested sex differences in the association between hippocampal volume and working memory of a national sample of 9–10-year-old children in the US. As the hippocampus is functionally lateralized (especially in task-related activities), we explored the results for the right and the left hippocampus. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study data. This analysis included baseline ABCD data (n = 10,093) of children between ages 9 and 10 years. The predictor variable was right and left hippocampal volume measured by structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI). The primary outcome, list sorting working memory, was measured using the NIH toolbox measure. Sex was the moderator. Age, race, ethnicity, household income, parental education, and family structure were the covariates. Results: In the overall sample, larger right (b = 0.0013; p < 0.001) and left (b = 0.0013; p < 0.001) hippocampal volumes were associated with higher children’s working memory. Sex had statistically significant interactions with the right (b = −0.0018; p = 0.001) and left (b = −0.0012; p = 0.022) hippocampal volumes on children’s working memory. These interactions indicated stronger positive associations between right and left hippocampal volume and working memory for females compared to males. Conclusion: While right and left hippocampal volumes are determinants of children’s list sorting working memory, these effects seem to be more salient for female than male children. Research is needed on the role of socialization, sex hormones, and brain functional connectivity as potential mechanisms that may explain the observed sex differences in the role of hippocampal volume as a correlate of working memory.

Cannabis Use, Age of Initiation, and Neurocognitive Performance: Findings from a Large Sample of Heavy Drinking Emerging Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-545
Author(s):  
Melissa Parlar ◽  
Emily MacKillop ◽  
Tashia Petker ◽  
James Murphy ◽  
James MacKillop
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Neurocognitive Functioning ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Large Sample

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the associations between cannabis use and neurocognitive functioning, including self-reported attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, in a large sample of emerging adults (ages 21–25) using a cross-sectional design. A secondary objective was to examine age of cannabis initiation as a moderator.Methods:Participants were high-risk drinking emerging adults (n = 598) reporting past-month cannabis use in the following categories: 1) non-users (i.e., never or not in the past month; n = 276), 2) occasional users (i.e., monthly or weekly users; n = 201), and 3) daily users (n = 121). Categorical comparisons were conducted on working memory, attention, behavioral inhibition, delay and probability discounting, verbal intelligence, and ADHD symptoms. Complementary dimensional analyses examined cannabis severity in relation to neurocognition using regressions. Covariates were age, race, sex, income, years of education, tobacco use, and alcohol use.Results:Frequency of cannabis use was significantly associated with poorer working memory performance, more impulsive delay discounting, and greater endorsement of ADHD symptoms, but not other domains. Effect sizes were small and poorer performance was selectively present among daily, not occasional, cannabis users. Earlier age of initiation was not independently or interactively associated with neurocognitive performance.Conclusions:Daily cannabis use was selectively adversely associated with aspects of memory, impulsivity, and subjective attentional functioning, but most cognitive indicators were not implicated, and evidence of amplification by earlier age of initiation was not observed. Ascertaining causal versus consequential roles of cannabis in neurocognitive functioning is an important priority.

scholarly journals EXPRESS: Trajectories of verbal fluency and executive functions in multilingual and monolingual children and adults: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182110267
Author(s):  
Roberto Filippi ◽  
Andrea Ceccolini ◽  
Peter Bright
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Lexical Retrieval ◽  
Cross Sectional

The development of verbal fluency is associated with the maturation of executive function skills, such as the ability to inhibit irrelevant information, shift between tasks and hold information in working memory. Some evidence suggests that multilinguistic upbringing may underpin disadvantages in verbal fluency and lexical retrieval, but can also afford executive function advantages beyond the language system including possible beneficial effects in older age. This study examined the relationship between verbal fluency and executive function in 324 individuals across the lifespan by assessing the developmental trajectories of English monolingual and multilingual children aged 7 to 15 years (N=154) and adults from 18 to 80 years old (N=170). The childhood data indicated patterns of improvement in verbal fluency and executive function skills as a function of age. Multilingual and monolingual children had comparable developmental trajectories in all linguistic and non-linguistic measures used in the study with the exception of planning, for which monolingual children showed a steeper improvement over the studied age range relative to multilingual children. For adults, monolinguals and multilingual participants had comparable performance on all measures with the exception of non-verbal inhibitory control and response times on the Tower of London task: monolinguals showed a steeper decline associated with age. Exploratory factor analysis indicated that verbal fluency was associated with working memory and fluid intelligence in monolingual participants but not in multilinguals. These findings raise the possibility that early acquisition of an additional language may impact on the development of the functional architecture serving high-level human cognition.

scholarly journals Neural correlates of working memory deficits and associations to response inhibition in obsessive compulsive disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 426-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Heinzel ◽  
Christian Kaufmann ◽  
Rosa Grützmann ◽  
Robert Hummel ◽  
Julia Klawohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

scholarly journals Cognitive dysfunction in adolescents with chronic fatigue: a cross-sectional study

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (9) ◽  
pp. 838-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dag Sulheim ◽  
Even Fagermoen ◽  
Øyvind Stople Sivertsen ◽  
Anette Winger ◽  
Vegard Bruun Wyller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cognitive Inhibition ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectiveTo compare cognitive function in adolescents with chronic fatigue with cognitive function in healthy controls (HC).Study designCross-sectional study.SettingPaediatric department at Oslo University Hospital, Norway.Participants120 adolescents with chronic fatigue (average age 15.4 years; range 12–18) and 39 HC (average age 15.2 years; range 12–18).MethodsThe adolescents completed a neurocognitive test battery measuring processing speed, working memory, cognitive inhibition, cognitive flexibility, verbal learning and verbal memory, and questionnaires addressing demographic data, depression symptoms, anxiety traits, fatigue and sleep problems. Parents completed the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), which measures the everyday executive functions of children.ResultsAdolescents with chronic fatigue had impaired cognitive function compared to HC regarding processing speed (mean difference 3.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 5.5, p=0.003), working memory (−2.4, −3.7 to −1.1, p<0.001), cognitive inhibition response time (6.2, 0.8 to 11.7, p=0.025) and verbal learning (−1.7, −3.2 to −0.3, p=0.022). The BRIEF results indicated that everyday executive functions were significantly worse in the chronic fatigue group compared to the HC (11.2, 8.2 to 14.3, p<0.001). Group differences remained largely unaffected when adjusted for symptoms of depression, anxiety traits and sleep problems.ConclusionsAdolescents with chronic fatigue had impaired cognitive function of clinical relevance, measured by objective cognitive tests, in comparison to HC. Working memory and processing speed may represent core difficulties.

scholarly journals Developmental Fractionation of Working Memory and Response Inhibition During Childhood

2007 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Tsujimoto ◽  
Mariko Kuwajima ◽  
Toshiyuki Sawaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Efficient Processing ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) plays a major role in both working memory (WM) and response inhibition (RI), which are fundamental for various cognitive abilities. We explored the relationship between these LPFC functions during childhood development by examining the performance of two groups of children in visuospatial and auditory WM tasks and a go/no-go RI task. In the younger children (59 5- and 6-year-olds), performance on the visuospatial WM task correlated significantly with that in the auditory WM task. Furthermore, accuracy in these tasks correlated significantly with performance on the RI task, particularly in the no-go trials. In contrast, there were no significant correlations among those tasks in older children (92 8- and 9-year-olds). These results suggest that functional neural systems for visuospatial WM, auditory WM, and RI, especially those in the LPFC, become fractionated during childhood, thereby enabling more efficient processing of these critical cognitive functions.

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