scholarly journals The Role of PARP-1 and PARP-2 Enzymes in Metabolic Regulation and Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Bai ◽  
Carles Cantó
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Parp 1

142-OR: Unique Role of the a4 Component for S6-Kinase Activity in Metabolic Regulation and Anti-apoptotic Effect in Brown Adipose Tissue

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 142-OR
Author(s):  
MASAJI SAKAGUCHI ◽  
SHOTA OKAGAWA ◽  
SAYAKA KITANO ◽  
TATSUYA KONDO ◽  
EIICHI ARAKI
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
S6 Kinase ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Apoptotic Effect

scholarly journals Activation of mitochondrial TUFM ameliorates metabolic dysregulation through coordinating autophagy induction

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dasol Kim ◽  
Hui-Yun Hwang ◽  
Eun Sun Ji ◽  
Jin Young Kim ◽  
Jong Shin Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Dysregulation ◽  
Autophagy Induction ◽  
Transcription Factor Eb ◽  
Mitochondrial Elongation

AbstractDisorders of autophagy, a key regulator of cellular homeostasis, cause a number of human diseases. Due to the role of autophagy in metabolic dysregulation, there is a need to identify autophagy regulators as therapeutic targets. To address this need, we conducted an autophagy phenotype-based screen and identified the natural compound kaempferide (Kaem) as an autophagy enhancer. Kaem promoted autophagy through translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB) without MTOR perturbation, suggesting it is safe for administration. Moreover, Kaem accelerated lipid droplet degradation in a lysosomal activity-dependent manner in vitro and ameliorated metabolic dysregulation in a diet-induced obesity mouse model. To elucidate the mechanism underlying Kaem’s biological activity, the target protein was identified via combined drug affinity responsive target stability and LC–MS/MS analyses. Kaem directly interacted with the mitochondrial elongation factor TUFM, and TUFM absence reversed Kaem-induced autophagy and lipid degradation. Kaem also induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) to sequentially promote lysosomal Ca2+ efflux, TFEB translocation and autophagy induction, suggesting a role of TUFM in mtROS regulation. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Kaem is a potential therapeutic candidate/chemical tool for treating metabolic dysregulation and reveal a role for TUFM in autophagy for metabolic regulation with lipid overload.

Crucial role of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1) in cellular proliferation ofDictyostelium discoideum

2018 ◽  
Vol 234 (5) ◽  
pp. 7539-7547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Jubin ◽  
Ashlesha Kadam ◽  
Shweta Saran ◽  
Rasheedunnisa Begum
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Parp 1

scholarly journals The effects of sweeteners and sweetness enhancers on obesity and diabetes: a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanli Jiao ◽  
Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
The Body ◽  
Incretin Hormone ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Sweet Taste Receptors

Sweet taste, one of the five basic taste qualities, is not only important for evaluation of food quality, but also guides the dietary food choices of animals. Sweet taste involves a variety of chemical compounds and structures, including natural sugars, sugar alcohols, natural and artificial sweeteners, and sweet-tasting proteins. The preference for sweetness has induced the over-consumption of sugar, contributing to certain prevailing health problems, such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Non-nutritive sweeteners, including natural and synthetic sweeteners, and sweet-tasting proteins have been added to foods to reduce the caloric intake from sugar, but many of these sugar substitutes induce an off-taste or after taste that negatively impacts any pleasure derived from the sweet taste. Sweet taste is detected by sweet taste receptor, that also play an important role in the metabolic regulation of the body, such as glucose homeostasis and incretin hormone secretion. In this review, the role of sweet tastants and the sweet taste receptors involved in sweetness perception, and their effect on obesity and diabetes are summarized. Sweet taste enhancement, as a new way to solve the over-consumption of sugar, is discussed in this contribution. Sweet taste enhancers can bind with sweet tastans to potentiate the sweetness of food without producing any taste by itself. Various type of sweet taste enhancers, including synthetic compounds, food-processed substances and aroma compounds, are summarized. Notably, few natural, non-volatile compounds have been identified as sweetness enhancers.

scholarly journals Indications for a Central Role of Hexokinase Activity in Natural Variation of Heat Acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasil Atanasov ◽  
Lisa Fürtauer ◽  
Thomas Nägele
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
High Light ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Hexokinase Activity ◽  
South Italy ◽  
Single Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacities

Diurnal and seasonal changes of abiotic environmental factors shape plant performance and distribution. Changes of growth temperature and light intensity may vary significantly on a diurnal, but also on a weekly or seasonal scale. Hence, acclimation to a changing temperature and light regime is essential for plant survival and propagation. In the present study, we analyzed photosynthetic CO2 assimilation and metabolic regulation of the central carbohydrate metabolism in two natural accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana originating from Russia and south Italy during exposure to heat and a combination of heat and high light. Our findings indicate that it is hardly possible to predict photosynthetic capacities to fix CO2 under combined stress from single stress experiments. Further, capacities of hexose phosphorylation were found to be significantly lower in the Italian than in the Russian accession which could explain an inverted sucrose-to-hexose ratio. Together with the finding of significantly stronger accumulation of anthocyanins under heat/high light these observations indicate a central role of hexokinase activity in stabilization of photosynthetic capacities within a changing environment.

scholarly journals ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ЧУБУШНИКА ЯК ЛІКАРСЬКОЇ РОСЛИНИ

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3(70)) ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
V.D. Ishchenko ◽  
S.V. Kostenko ◽  
V.M. Kostenko ◽  
Y.V. Tymoshyk
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Reagent Solution ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
Basic Action ◽  
Veterinary Practice ◽  
The Impact

Medicinal plants are insufficiently studied and almost endless. The use of phytomedication enables reduce the impact of xenobiotics on animals organism through the natural origin of active compounds and associated and auxiliary substances smoothing the basic action and prevent the manifestation of side effects. One of such plants the possibility of using in veterinary practice is still insufficiently studied is mock–orange. Considering on the important role of phenolic compounds in the metabolic regulation of plant and diversity of impact of these substances on organism of animals and humans, in leaves of mock–oranges different cultivar was identified the content of phenolic secondary metabolites to identify the prospects for their further using in veterinary medicine. The qualitative reaction with the Wilson reagent, solution of iron (III) chloride and by cyanidin reaction in extracts from mock–orange leaves was established the presence of phenolic compounds. Further phytochemical investigations established that the content of phenols in the investigated extracts is between 33.0 ± 0.48 to 107.1 ± 0.91 mg/g (in Philadelphus L. 'Avalanche'). The content of flavonoids in alcohol extracts from leaves of different species of mock–oranges varies from 5.3 ± 0.41 to 10.6 ± 0.41 mg/g. Greatest quantity of flavonoids at relatively of low content of phenols contained in the preparation from leaves of Philadelphus coronaries 'Nana '(mock–orange dwarf), the use of which, along with Philadelphus L. 'Avalanche' can be perspective in medical and veterinary practice, considering on the high concentration of phenols and flavonoids and coumarins in these mock–oranges breed.  

scholarly journals PARP-1 protects against colorectal tumor induction, but promotes inflammation-driven colorectal tumor progression

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (17) ◽  
pp. E4061-E4070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastian Dörsam ◽  
Nina Seiwert ◽  
Sebastian Foersch ◽  
Svenja Stroh ◽  
Georg Nagel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Dna Repair ◽  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Colorectal Tumor ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Parp 1

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common tumor entities, which is causally linked to DNA repair defects and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here, we studied the role of the DNA repair protein poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) in CRC. Tissue microarray analysis revealed PARP-1 overexpression in human CRC, correlating with disease progression. To elucidate its function in CRC, PARP-1 deficient (PARP-1−/−) and wild-type animals (WT) were subjected to azoxymethane (AOM)/ dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colorectal carcinogenesis. Miniendoscopy showed significantly more tumors in WT than in PARP-1−/− mice. Although the lack of PARP-1 moderately increased DNA damage, both genotypes exhibited comparable levels of AOM-induced autophagy and cell death. Interestingly, miniendoscopy revealed a higher AOM/DSS-triggered intestinal inflammation in WT animals, which was associated with increased levels of innate immune cells and proinflammatory cytokines. Tumors in WT animals were more aggressive, showing higher levels of STAT3 activation and cyclin D1 up-regulation. PARP-1−/− animals were then crossed with O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT)-deficient animals hypersensitive to AOM. Intriguingly, PARP-1−/−/MGMT−/− double knockout (DKO) mice developed more, but much smaller tumors than MGMT−/− animals. In contrast to MGMT-deficient mice, DKO animals showed strongly reduced AOM-dependent colonic cell death despite similar O6-methylguanine levels. Studies with PARP-1−/− cells provided evidence for increased alkylation-induced DNA strand break formation when MGMT was inhibited, suggesting a role of PARP-1 in the response to O6-methylguanine adducts. Our findings reveal PARP-1 as a double-edged sword in colorectal carcinogenesis, which suppresses tumor initiation following DNA alkylation in a MGMT-dependent manner, but promotes inflammation-driven tumor progression.

The Regulatory Role of Both MBNL1 and MBNL1-AS1 in Several Common Cancers

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Yinxin Wu ◽  
Jinlan Chen ◽  
Yuxuan Cai ◽  
Bei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Rna Splicing ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Overall Survival Rate

Background: MBNL1, a protein encoded by q25 gene on chromosome 3, belongs to the tissue-specific RNA metabolic regulation family, which controls RNA splicing.[1]MBNL1 formed in the process of development drive large transcriptomic changes in cell differentiation,[2] it serves as a kind of tumor differentiation inhibitory factor.MBNL1 has a close relationship with cancer, comprehensive analysis, [3]found that breast cancer, leukemia, stomach cancer, esophageal adenocarcinoma, glial cell carcinoma and another common tumor in the cut, and cut in Huntington's disease. But MBNL1 plays a promoting role in cervical cancer, is contradictory in colorectal cancer, It promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation, On the other hand, it inhibits its metastasis, so it is an important physiological marker in many cancers. When we integrated the role of MBNL1 protein in various tumors, we found that its antisense RNA, MBNL1-AS1, had a good inhibitory effect in several colorectal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and gastric cancer. Objective: To elucidate the expression of MBNL1 and MBNL1-AS1 in various tumors, and to search for their physiological markers. Methods: It was searched by the PUMUB system and summarized its expression in various cancers. Results: MBNL1 was down-regulated, leukemia, breast cancer, glioblastoma, gastric cancer, overall survival rate, recurrence, metastasis increased. While the metastasis of colon cancer decreased, proliferation was promoted, and the effect of both was promoted for cervical cancer.MBNL1-AS1 was down-regulated, and the overall survival rate, recurrence, and metastasis of lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and bladder cancer increased. Conclusion: MBNL1 may be an important regulator of cancer, and MBNL1-AS1 is a better tumor suppressor.

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