scholarly journals Melanocortin-4 Receptors Expressed by Cholinergic Neurons Regulate Energy Balance and Glucose Homeostasis

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jari Rossi ◽  
Nina Balthasar ◽  
David Olson ◽  
Michael Scott ◽  
Eric Berglund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Cholinergic Neurons

Sexually different actions of leptin in proopiomelanocortin neurons to regulate glucose homeostasis

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (3) ◽  
pp. E630-E639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haifei Shi ◽  
April D. Strader ◽  
Joyce E. Sorrell ◽  
James B. Chambers ◽  
Stephen C. Woods ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Leptin Receptors ◽  
Exogenous Glucose ◽  
Anorectic Effect

Leptin regulates energy balance and glucose homeostasis, at least in part, via activation of receptors in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus located in proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. Females have greater sensitivity to central leptin than males, suggested by a greater anorectic effect of central leptin administration in females. We hypothesized that the regulation of energy balance and peripheral glucose homeostasis of female rodents would be affected to a greater extent than in males if the action of leptin in POMC neurons were disturbed. Male and female mice lacking leptin receptors only in POMC neurons gained significantly more body weight and accumulated more body fat. However, female mice gained disproportionately more visceral adiposity than males, and this appeared to be largely the result of differences in energy expenditure. When maintained on a high-fat diet (HFD), both male and female mutants had higher levels of insulin following exogenous glucose challenges. Chow- and HFD-fed males but not females had abnormal glucose disappearance curves following insulin administrations. Collectively, these data indicate that the action of leptin in POMC neurons is sexually different to influence the regulation of energy balance, fat distribution, and glucose homeostasis.

scholarly journals Xbp1s in Pomc Neurons Connects ER Stress with Energy Balance and Glucose Homeostasis

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin W. Williams ◽  
Tiemin Liu ◽  
Xingxing Kong ◽  
Makoto Fukuda ◽  
Yingfeng Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis

scholarly journals Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptors and The Metabolic Syndrome

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Meiliana ◽  
Andi Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Gene Activation ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a growing threat to global health by virtue of its association with insulin resistance, inflammation, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, collectively known as the metabolic syndrome (MetS). The nuclear receptors PPARα and PPARγ are therapeutic targets for hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance, respectively, and drugs that modulate these receptors are currently in clinical use. More recent work on the PPARδ has uncovered a dual benefit for both hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance, highlighting the broad potential of PPARs in the treatment of metabolic disease.CONTENT: We have learned much about PPARs, the metabolic fat sensors, and the molecular pathways they regulate. Through their distinct tissue distribution and specific target gene activation, the three PPARs together control diverse aspects of fatty acid metabolism, energy balance, insulin sensitivity glucose homeostasis, inflammation, hypertension and atherosclerosis. These studies have advanced our understanding of the etiology for the MetS. Mechanisms revealed by these studies highlight the importance of emerging concepts, such as the endocrine function of adipose tissue, tissue-tissue cross-talk and lipotoxicity, in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and CVD.SUMMARY: The elucidation of key regulators of energy balance and insulin signaling have revolutionized our understanding of fat and sugar metabolism and their intimate link. The three ‘lipidsensing’ (PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ) exemplify this connection, regulating diverse aspects of lipid and glucose homeostasis, and serving as bonafide therapeutic targets.KEYWORDS: Peroxisome Proliferator, Activated Receptor, Metabolic Syndrome

scholarly journals GLP‐2 receptor is required for glucose homeostasis and energy balance

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuemei Shi ◽  
Shixiang Wen ◽  
Benny Chang ◽  
Lawrence Chan ◽  
Xinfu Guan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis

scholarly journals Irs2 and Irs4 synergize in non-LepRb neurons to control energy balance and glucose homeostasis

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Sadagurski ◽  
X. Charlie Dong ◽  
Martin G. Myers ◽  
Morris F. White
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis

scholarly journals Glucose Homeostasis and Energy Balance in Children With Pseudohypoparathyroidism

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (11) ◽  
pp. 4265-4274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katia M Perez ◽  
Kathleen L Curley ◽  
James C Slaughter ◽  
Ashley H Shoemaker
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis
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