WITHDRAWN: Combination of plant sterols and diacylglycerol oil lowers serum cholesterol and lipoprotein (a) concentrations in postmenopausal women with mild-to-moderate hypercholesterolemia

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masao Takeshita ◽  
Shinichiro Saito ◽  
Yoshihisa Katsuragi ◽  
Koichi Yasunaga ◽  
Noboru Matsuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Plant Sterols ◽  
Lipoprotein A ◽  
Diacylglycerol Oil

Lipoprotein(a)-cholesterol: A significant component of serum cholesterol

2011 ◽  
Vol 412 (19-20) ◽  
pp. 1783-1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoko Kinpara ◽  
Hiroshi Okada ◽  
Akiko Yoneyama ◽  
Minoru Okubo ◽  
Toshio Murase
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Significant Component ◽  
Lipoprotein A

Estrogen deficiency worsens steatohepatitis in mice fed high-fat and high-cholesterol diet

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (6) ◽  
pp. G1031-G1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Kamada ◽  
Shinichi Kiso ◽  
Yuichi Yoshida ◽  
Norihiro Chatani ◽  
Takashi Kizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Estrogen Deficiency ◽  
Macrophage Infiltration ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Recent studies indicate an accelerated progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in postmenopausal women. Hypercholesterolemia, an important risk factor for NASH progression, is often observed after menopause. This study examined the effects of estrogen on NASH in ovariectomized (OVX) mice fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet. To investigate the effects of estrogen deficiency, OVX mice and sham-operated (SO) mice were fed normal chow or HFHC diet for 6 wk. Next, to investigate the effects of exogenous estrogen replenishment, OVX mice fed with HFHC diet were treated with implanted hormone release pellets (containing 17β-estradiol or placebo vehicle) for 6 wk. OVX mice on the HFHC diet showed enhanced liver injury with increased liver macrophage infiltration and elevated serum cholesterol levels compared with SO-HFHC mice. Hepatocyte monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1) protein expression in OVX-HFHC mice was also enhanced compared with SO-HFHC mice. In addition, hepatic inflammatory gene expressions, including monocytes chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2), were significantly elevated in OVX-HFHC mice. Estrogen treatment improved serum cholesterol levels, liver injury, macrophage infiltration, and inflammatory gene expressions in OVX-HFHC mice. Moreover, the elevated expression of liver CCR2 and MCP1 were decreased by estrogen treatment in OVX-HFHC mice, whereas low-density lipoprotein dose dependently enhanced CCR2 expression in THP1 monocytes. Our study demonstrated that estrogen deficiency accelerated NASH progression in OVX mice fed HFHC diet and that this effect was improved by estrogen therapy. Hypercholesterolemia in postmenopausal women would be a potential risk factor for NASH progression.

Effects of Raloxifene on Bone Mineral Density, Serum Cholesterol Concentrations, and Uterine Endometrium in Postmenopausal Women

1997 ◽  
Vol 337 (23) ◽  
pp. 1641-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre D. Delmas ◽  
Nina H. Bjarnason ◽  
Bruce H. Mitlak ◽  
Anne-Catherine Ravoux ◽  
Aarti S. Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Uterine Endometrium

scholarly journals Inverse relation between dietary intake of naturally occurring plant sterols and serum cholesterol in northern Sweden

2008 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 993-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Klingberg ◽  
Lars Ellegård ◽  
Ingegerd Johansson ◽  
Göran Hallmans ◽  
Lars Weinehall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Plant Sterols ◽  
Inverse Relation ◽  
Northern Sweden ◽  
Naturally Occurring

The effect of plant stanol- and sterol-enriched foods on lipid metabolism, serum lipids and coronary heart disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Gylling ◽  
Tatu A Miettinen
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Plant Sterol ◽  
Plant Sterols ◽  
Intestinal Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Sterol Esters ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering ◽  
Plant Stanol ◽  
Plant Stanol Esters

Phytosterols are plant sterols, mainly campesterol and sitosterol, and their respective stanols (5α-saturated derivatives), which chemically resemble cholesterol. They are present in a normal diet and are absorbed proportionally to cholesterol, but to a much lesser extent, such that less than 0.1% of serum sterols are plant sterols. Phytosterols inhibit intestinal cholesterol absorption, and fat-soluble plant stanol esters were introduced as a functional food for lowering serum cholesterol in the early 1990s; plant sterol esters entered the market at the end of the 1990s. Inhibition of the intestinal absorption of cholesterol stimulates cholesterol synthesis, a factor which limits serum cholesterol lowering to about 10% with phytosterols. Enrichment of the diet with plant stanol esters reduces absorption and serum concentrations of both cholesterol and plant sterols, whereas enrichment of the diet with plant sterol esters, especially in combination with statins, lowers serum cholesterol but increases serum plant sterol levels. Recent studies have suggested that high-serum plant sterol levels may be associated with increased coincidence of coronary heart disease. Estimates of coronary heart disease reduction by 20-25% with plant sterols/stanols is based mainly on short-term studies. Long-term cholesterol lowering, needed for the prevention of coronary heart disease, may be successful with plant stanol esters, which lower serum cholesterol in both genders over at least a year.

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