scholarly journals Comparative analysis of SIV-specific cellular immune responses induced by different vaccine platforms in rhesus macaques

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Valentin ◽  
Katherine McKinnon ◽  
Jinyao Li ◽  
Margherita Rosati ◽  
Viraj Kulkarni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Roseoloviruses in Humans, Pigs, Mice, and Other Species

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Denner ◽  
Tarin M. Bigley ◽  
Tuan L. Phan ◽  
Cosima Zimmermann ◽  
Xiaofeng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Porcine Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Disease Associations ◽  
Cellular Immune

Viruses of the genus Roseolovirus belong to the subfamily Betaherpesvirinae, family Herpesviridae. Roseoloviruses have been studied in humans, mice and pigs, but they are likely also present in other species. This is the first comparative analysis of roseoloviruses in humans and animals. The human roseoloviruses human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A), 6B (HHV-6B), and 7 (HHV-7) are relatively well characterized. In contrast, little is known about the murine roseolovirus (MRV), also known as murine thymic virus (MTV) or murine thymic lymphotrophic virus (MTLV), and the porcine roseolovirus (PRV), initially incorrectly named porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV). Human roseoloviruses have gained attention because they can cause severe diseases including encephalitis in immunocompromised transplant and AIDS patients and febrile seizures in infants. They have been linked to a number of neurological diseases in the immunocompetent including multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzheimer’s. However, to prove the causality in the latter disease associations is challenging due to the high prevalence of these viruses in the human population. PCMV/PRV has attracted attention because it may be transmitted and pose a risk in xenotransplantation, e.g., the transplantation of pig organs into humans. Most importantly, all roseoloviruses are immunosuppressive, the humoral and cellular immune responses against these viruses are not well studied and vaccines as well as effective antivirals are not available.

scholarly journals Strong HCV NS3- and NS4A-specific cellular immune responses induced in mice and Rhesus macaques by a novel HCV genotype 1a/1b consensus DNA vaccine

Vaccine ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (49) ◽  
pp. 6225-6231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystle A. Lang ◽  
Jian Yan ◽  
Ruxandra Draghia-Akli ◽  
Amir Khan ◽  
David B. Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Dna Vaccine ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Hcv Genotype ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Genotype 1A ◽  
Cellular Immune

scholarly journals Strong HCV NS3/4a, NS4b, NS5a, NS5b-specific cellular immune responses induced in Rhesus macaques by a novel HCV genotype 1a/1b consensus DNA vaccine

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2357-2365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Latimer ◽  
Roberta Toporovski ◽  
Jian Yan ◽  
Panyupa Pankhong ◽  
Matthew P Morrow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Dna Vaccine ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Hcv Genotype ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Genotype 1A ◽  
Cellular Immune

scholarly journals Th-1-Type Cytotoxic CD8+ T-Lymphocyte Responses to Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) Are a Consistent Feature of Natural SIV Infection in Sooty Mangabeys

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 2771-2783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zichun Wang ◽  
Benjamin Metcalf ◽  
Ruy M. Ribeiro ◽  
Harold McClure ◽  
Amitinder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Elispot Response ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sooty Mangabeys ◽  
Siv Infection ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Cellular Immune

ABSTRACT Sooty mangabeys are a natural host of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) that remain asymptomatic and do not exhibit increased immune activation or increased T-lymphocyte turnover despite sustained high levels of SIV viremia. In this study we asked whether an altered immune response to SIV contributes to the lack of immunopathology in sooty mangabeys as opposed to species with pathogenic lentivirus infection. SIV-specific cellular immune responses were investigated in a cohort of 25 sooty mangabeys with natural SIV infection. Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay responses targeting a median of four SIV proteins were detected in all 25 mangabeys and were comparable in magnitude to those of 13 rhesus macaques infected with SIVmac251 for more than 6 months. As with rhesus macaques, Th2 ELISPOT responses to SIV were absent or >10-fold lower than the IFN-γ ELISPOT response to the same SIV protein. The SIV-specific ELISPOT response was predominantly mediated by CD8+ T lymphocytes; the frequency of circulating SIV-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes ranged between 0.11% and 3.26% in 13 mangabeys. Functionally, the SIV-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes were cytotoxic; secreted IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and macrophage inflammatory protein 1β; and had an activated effector phenotype. Although there was a trend toward higher frequencies of SIV-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes in mangabeys with lower viral loads, a significant inverse correlation between SIV viremia and SIV-specific cellular immunity was not detected. The consistent detection of Th1-type SIV-specific cellular immune responses in naturally infected sooty mangabeys suggests that immune attenuation is neither a feature of nor a requirement for maintenance of nonpathogenic SIV infection in its natural host.

scholarly journals Aerosol Vaccination with AERAS-402 Elicits Robust Cellular Immune Responses in the Lungs of Rhesus Macaques but Fails To Protect against High-DoseMycobacterium tuberculosisChallenge

2014 ◽  
Vol 193 (4) ◽  
pp. 1799-1811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Darrah ◽  
Diane L. Bolton ◽  
Andrew A. Lackner ◽  
Deepak Kaushal ◽  
Pyone Pyone Aye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune

scholarly journals Of mice, macaques and men: scaling of virus dynamics and immune responses

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian L Althaus
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Allometric Scaling ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cellular Immune

In this Opinion piece, I argue that the dynamics of viruses and the cellular immune response depend on the body size of the host. I use allometric scaling theory to interpret observed quantitative differences in the infection dynamics of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) in mice (Mus musculus), simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in humans. There are indications that viral replication and the proliferation of CD8+ T cell responses are slower in larger animals. Whether this influences the ability of the cellular immune responses to eradicate viruses during the acute phase of an infection remains unclear, however.

Comparative analysis of cellular immune responses and cytokine levels in sheep experimentally infected with bluetongue virus serotype 1 and 8

2015 ◽  
Vol 177 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 95-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Sánchez-Cordón ◽  
A.C. Pérez de Diego ◽  
J.C. Gómez-Villamandos ◽  
J.M. Sánchez-Vizcaíno ◽  
F.J. Pleguezuelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
Cellular Immune

scholarly journals Improved Protection of Rhesus Macaques against Intrarectal Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac251 Challenge by a Replication-Competent Ad5hr-SIVenv/rev and Ad5hr-SIVgag Recombinant Priming/gp120 Boosting Regimen

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (15) ◽  
pp. 8354-8365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Joel Pinczewski ◽  
Victor R. Gómez-Román ◽  
David Venzon ◽  
V. S. Kalyanaraman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Antibody Activity ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cellular Immune

ABSTRACT In this study we investigated the ability of a replication-competent Ad5hr-SIVenv/rev and Ad5hr-SIVgag recombinant priming/gp120 boosting regimen to induce protective immunity in rhesus macaques against pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virusmac251. Immunization of macaques by two sequential administrations of the same recombinants by the same route resulted in boosting and persistence of SIV-specific cellular immune responses for 42 weeks past the initial immunization. Anti-SIV gp120 immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibodies were induced in secretory fluids, and all macaques exhibited serum neutralizing antibody activity. After intrarectal SIVmac251 challenge, all of the macaques became infected. However, relative protection, as assessed by statistically significant lower SIV viral loads in plasma at both acute infection and set point, was observed in 8 out of 12 immunized non-Mamu-A∗01 animals. Elevated mean cellular immune responses to Gag and Env, neutralizing antibody activity, and IgG and IgA binding antibody levels were observed in the eight protected macaques. Statistically significant correlations with protective outcome were observed for cellular immune responses to SIV Env and Gag and for SIV gp120-specific IgG antibodies in nasal and vaginal fluids. Two macaques that exhibited the greatest and most persistent viremia control also exhibited strong CD8+ T-cell antiviral activity. The results suggest that a spectrum of immune responses may be necessary for adequate control of viral replication and disease progression and highlight a potential role for nonneutralizing antibodies at mucosal sites.

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