Montmorillonite-mediated aggregation induces deformation of influenza virus particles

2016 ◽  
Vol 124-125 ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin A. Block ◽  
Al Katz ◽  
Alexandra Alimova ◽  
Adrianna Trusiak ◽  
Jorge Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Particles

scholarly journals STUDIES ON HOST-VIRUS INTERACTIONS IN THE CHICK EMBRYO-INFLUENZA VIRUS SYSTEM

1955 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Paucker ◽  
Werner Henle
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Infectious Virus ◽  
Allantoic Fluid ◽  
Progressive Reduction ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Host Virus Interactions ◽  
Virus Interactions ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Virus System

An experimental analysis is here presented of the conditions that lead to the appearance of non-infectious hemagglutinins (NIHA) in the allantoic fluid of chick embryos injected with standard influenza virus (PR8 strain) which had been exposed to 37°C. in vitro for various periods of time. On progressive reduction of the infectivity of the undiluted inocula from about 109 to 103 ID50 (103.2 HA units) the yields of infectious virus in 24 hours decreased in straight correspondence 1 millionfold, but those of hemagglutinins only by a factor of 10. Thus the proportions of NIHA in the yields increased sharply but the total quantity obtained decreased gradually. The quantities of infectious virus produced per ID50 injected were the same throughout this range; i.e., between 50 and 100 ID50, regardless of increasing proportions of heat-inactivated virus in the seeds. This value agrees with previous estimates of yields under other conditions. Thus, initiation and completion of first cycles by the infectious virus remaining in the inocula were not, or at most, slightly inhibited. The inactivated virus, therefore, failed to establish immediate interference. It was capable, however, of holding the infectious process to one cycle. Upon 10-fold dilution of the seeds essentially similar results were obtained except that a slight loss in interfering activity could now be detected with an increase in exposure to 37°C. With further dilutions little or no interference was noted. The capacity to yield NIHA decreased slowly during exposure of the seeds to 37°C. over a period of 5 days, thereafter more rapidly. It could not be restored by addition of infectious virus. Furthermore, since NIHA was obtained when the seeds contained as little as 102 or 103 ID50, it is unlikely that it was derived from those cells which had adsorbed both infectious and inactivated seed virus. It is suggestive that multiple adsorption of inactivated virus particles per se will yield NIHA. The available information, as discussed, favors the view that the NIHA does not represent seed virus in some form but is newly produced.

scholarly journals THE PRODUCTION OF A PERSISTENT ALTERATION IN INFLUENZA VIRUS BY LANTHANUM OR ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION

1948 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven E. Björkman ◽  
Frank L. Horsfall
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Serial Passage ◽  
Heterogeneous Population ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Elution Rate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Subsequent Passage ◽  
Lanthanum Acetate

The rates of elution from RBC of the Lee and PR8 strains of influenza virus were studied by means of a step-wise elution technique. By means of a single treatment with lanthanum acetate or irradiation with ultraviolet and subsequent passage in chick embryos, it was possible to alter the elution rate of the Lee strain so that it was similar to that of the PR8 strain. This alteration proved to be persistent on serial passage in the absence of the agent which caused it. As far as was determined, the elution rate of the virus appeared to be the only property which was altered. The phenomenon can be most readily understood on the assumption that the difference in elution rates of the two strains is due to a heterogeneous population of virus particles in the Lee strain with respect to elution rate.

scholarly journals Actin-myosin network is required for proper assembly of influenza virus particles

Virology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 476 ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiko Kumakura ◽  
Atsushi Kawaguchi ◽  
Kyosuke Nagata
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Particles

Detection of Influenza Virus Particles in Throat Washings by Electron Microscopy

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 340-341
Author(s):  
Mahadeo B. Pendharker ◽  
Kenneth A. Siegesmund ◽  
Harold D. Rose ◽  
Frank Piraino ◽  
Ross C. Kory
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Cell Block ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Centrifuge Tube ◽  
A Cell

Although the symptomatology of influenza is well known and fairly typical in most cases, the exact diagnosis is often presumptive because of the technical difficulties in performing laboratory tests. We have recently developed a method for concentrating and processing throat washings to provide a cell block which can be sectioned for ultrastructural study. We have used this technique for studying the throat washings from five sero-logically proven patients with Influenza A2 Hong Kong infection. Two ml of throat washings were mixed with 0. 5 ml of a fixative containing 2% acrolein, 3% glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffer at pH 7. 2 in a centrifuge tube. A disc of filter paper (Whatman #41 ashless) 5 mm in diameter was placed in the centrifuge tube, and the samples were centrifuged at 18,000 rpm for one hour.

scholarly journals DISRUPTION OF INFLUENZA VIRUS

1954 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. J. Tyrrell ◽  
Frank L. Horsfall
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Infective Virus ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Homologous Virus ◽  
Repeated Freezing ◽  
Antigen Activity

1. The hemagglutinating capacity, enzymic activity, and infectivity of several influenza viruses were destroyed by repeated freezing and thawing of dialyzed allantoic fluids containing them. 2. Influenza virus degraded by freezing and thawing, by treatment with 5 M urea, or by heating at 65°C. still combined with homologous antibody and was demonstrable by blocking of the hemagglutination-inhibition and virus neutralization reactions. 3. After 50 cycles of freezing and thawing, much of the blocking antigen activity was not sedimented by centrifugation at 120,000 g for 2 hours, and electron microscopy showed complete disruption of the virus particles. So called soluble blocking antigen was obtained from four strains of influenza A, the Lee strain of influenza B, mumps, and Newcastle disease viruses. 4. Soluble blocking antigens from influenza A viruses were highly strain-specific; gave little or no reaction in complement-fixation tests; stimulated but little antibody production in rabbits and did not induce immunity in mice; caused reactivation of infective virus in neutral mixtures of homologous virus and immune serum. 5. Repeatedly frozen and thawed influenza virus preparations did not interfere with the propagation of infective virus in the allantoic sac. The blocking antigen activity they contained was precipitated by half saturated ammonium sulfate, destroyed by trypsin, chymotrypsin, or heating at 56°C. for 30 minutes, but was unaffected by desoxyribonuclease or ribonuclease. 6. These findings are in accord with the view that soluble blocking antigen obtained from influenza virus particles on disruption by repeated freezing and thawing is protein in nature and represents the essential antigenic material of the intact virus.

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