Sex Bias in Animal Models of Thrombosis Research

P. Tieu; S. Afraz; N. Dietrich; J. Lott; C. Slapnicar; N. Thai; V. Wang; D. Matino

doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2020.02.046

Cancer animal models in thrombosis research

Thrombosis Research ◽

10.1016/s0049-3848(20)30407-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 191 ◽

pp. S112-S116

Author(s):

Ana-Luisa Palacios-Acedo ◽

Diane Mege ◽

Lydie Crescence ◽

Laurence Panicot-Dubois ◽

Christophe Dubois

Keyword(s):

Animal Models ◽

Thrombosis Research

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Sex Differences in Constitutive Autophagy

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/652817 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Sara Oliván ◽

Ana Cristina Calvo ◽

Raquel Manzano ◽

Pilar Zaragoza ◽

Rosario Osta

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Spinal Cord ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Sexual Dimorphism ◽

Animal Models ◽

Sex Bias ◽

Wild Type ◽

Male And Female ◽

Physiological Conditions ◽

Sequestosome 1

Sex bias has been described nowadays in biomedical research on animal models, although sexual dimorphism has been confirmed widely under pathological and physiological conditions. The main objective of our work was to study the sex differences in constitutive autophagy in spinal cord and skeletal muscle tissue from wild type mice. To examine the influence of sex on autophagy, mRNA and proteins were extracted from male and female mice tissues. The expressions of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and sequestosome 1 (p62), markers to monitor autophagy, were analyzed at 40, 60, 90, and 120 days of age. We found significant sex differences in the expression of LC3 and p62 in both tissues at these ages. The results indicated that sex and tissue specific differences exist in constitutive autophagy. These data underlined the need to include both sexes in the experimental groups to minimize any sex bias.

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Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis: Insights from Large Animal Models

Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.1155/2011/907575 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Gemma Vilahur ◽

Teresa Padro ◽

Lina Badimon

Keyword(s):

Animal Models ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Large Animal ◽

Isolated Cells ◽

Large Animal Models ◽

Thrombosis Research ◽

Human Pathology ◽

Thrombotic Complications

Atherosclerosis and its thrombotic complications are responsible for remarkably high numbers of deaths. The combination ofin vitro, ex vivo, andin vivoexperimental approaches has largely contributed to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the atherothrombotic process. Indeed, different animal models have been implemented in atherosclerosis and thrombosis research in order to provide new insights into the mechanisms that have already been outlined in isolated cells and protein studies. Yet, although no model completely mimics the human pathology, large animal models have demonstrated better suitability for translation to humans. Indeed, direct translation from mice to humans should be taken with caution because of the well-reported species-related differences. This paper provides an overview of the availableatherothrombotic-likeanimal models, with a particular focus on large animal models of thrombosis and atherosclerosis, and examines their applicability for translational research purposes as well as highlights species-related differences with humans.

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By word of mouse: using animal models in venous thrombosis research

Platelets ◽

10.1080/09537104.2019.1678117 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 447-454

Author(s):

Joana Campos ◽

Alexander Brill

Keyword(s):

Animal Models ◽

Venous Thrombosis ◽

Thrombosis Research

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Reductionist thinking and animal models in neuropsychiatric research

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x18001231 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nicole M. Baran

Keyword(s):

Animal Models ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽

Model Organisms ◽

Developmental Genetic ◽

Term Study ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽

Mechanisms Of Plasticity

AbstractReductionist thinking in neuroscience is manifest in the widespread use of animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders. Broader investigations of diverse behaviors in non-model organisms and longer-term study of the mechanisms of plasticity will yield fundamental insights into the neurobiological, developmental, genetic, and environmental factors contributing to the “massively multifactorial system networks” which go awry in mental disorders.

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An Investigation of Sex-Bias in Classroom Teachers' Speech and Language Referrals

Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools ◽

10.1044/0161-1461.1103.169 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 169-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ellen Marie Silverman ◽

Katherine Van Opens

Keyword(s):

School Districts ◽

Voice Disorders ◽

Communication Disorders ◽

Sixth Grade ◽

Sex Bias ◽

Classroom Teachers ◽

Communication Disorder ◽

Primary Procedure ◽

Teacher Referrals ◽

Grade Classroom

Kindergarten through sixth grade classroom teachers in four school districts completed questionnaires designed to determine whether they would be more likely to refer a boy than a girl with an identical communication disorder. The teachers were found to be equally likely to refer a girl as a boy who presented a disorder of articulation, language, or voice, but they were more likely to refer a boy for speech-language remediation who presented the disorder of stuttering. The tendency for the teachers to allow the sex of a child to influence their likelihood of referral for stuttering remediation, to overlook a sizeable percentage of children with chronic voice disorders, and to be somewhat inaccurate generally in their referrals suggests that teacher referrals are best used as an adjunct to screening rather than as a primary procedure to locate children with communication disorders.

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Inflammational Animal Models for Schizophrenia

Zeitschrift für Psychologie ◽

10.1027/2151-2604/a000216 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 223 (3) ◽

pp. 157-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Georg Juckel

Keyword(s):

Animal Model ◽

Animal Models ◽

Immune Activation ◽

Microglial Activation ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Synaptic Connections ◽

Preventive Interventions ◽

Immunological System

Abstract. Inflammational-immunological processes within the pathophysiology of schizophrenia seem to play an important role. Early signals of neurobiological changes in the embryonal phase of brain in later patients with schizophrenia might lead to activation of the immunological system, for example, of cytokines and microglial cells. Microglia then induces – via the neurotoxic activities of these cells as an overreaction – a rarification of synaptic connections in frontal and temporal brain regions, that is, reduction of the neuropil. Promising inflammational animal models for schizophrenia with high validity can be used today to mimic behavioral as well as neurobiological findings in patients, for example, the well-known neurochemical alterations of dopaminergic, glutamatergic, serotonergic, and other neurotransmitter systems. Also the microglial activation can be modeled well within one of this models, that is, the inflammational PolyI:C animal model of schizophrenia, showing a time peak in late adolescence/early adulthood. The exact mechanism, by which activated microglia cells then triggers further neurodegeneration, must now be investigated in broader detail. Thus, these animal models can be used to understand the pathophysiology of schizophrenia better especially concerning the interaction of immune activation, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. This could also lead to the development of anti-inflammational treatment options and of preventive interventions.

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