Interregional transfers and the smoothing of provincial expenditure in China

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiril TOCHKOV
Keyword(s):  
Interregional Transfers

scholarly journals Interregional Transfers for Pandemic Surges

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth A Michelson ◽  
Chris A Rees ◽  
Jayshree Sarathy ◽  
Paige VonAchen ◽  
Michael Wornow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Hospital Inpatient ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Interregional Transfers ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Bed Capacity ◽  
Model Scenarios ◽  
Do So

Abstract Background Hospital inpatient and intensive care unit (ICU) bed shortfalls may arise due to regional surges in volume. We sought to determine how interregional transfers could alleviate bed shortfalls during a pandemic. Methods We used estimates of past and projected inpatient and ICU cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from 4 February 2020 to 1 October 2020. For regions with bed shortfalls (where the number of patients exceeded bed capacity), transfers to the nearest region with unused beds were simulated using an algorithm that minimized total interregional transfer distances across the United States. Model scenarios used a range of predicted COVID-19 volumes (lower, mean, and upper bounds) and non–COVID-19 volumes (20%, 50%, or 80% of baseline hospital volumes). Scenarios were created for each day of data, and worst-case scenarios were created treating all regions’ peak volumes as simultaneous. Mean per-patient transfer distances were calculated by scenario. Results For the worst-case scenarios, national bed shortfalls ranged from 669 to 58 562 inpatient beds and 3208 to 31 190 ICU beds, depending on model volume parameters. Mean transfer distances to alleviate daily bed shortfalls ranged from 23 to 352 miles for inpatient and 28 to 423 miles for ICU patients, depending on volume. Under all worst-case scenarios except the highest-volume ICU scenario, interregional transfers could fully resolve bed shortfalls. To do so, mean transfer distances would be 24 to 405 miles for inpatients and 73 to 476 miles for ICU patients. Conclusions Interregional transfers could mitigate regional bed shortfalls during pandemic hospital surges.

scholarly journals Die föderale Ordnung in Deutschland – Motor oder Bremse des wirtschaftlichen Wachstums?

2001 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Berthold ◽  
Stefan Drews ◽  
Eric Thode
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Fiscal Federalism ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Current System ◽  
Econometric Analysis ◽  
Interregional Transfers ◽  
System States ◽  
Macroeconomic Growth

AbstractThis paper deals with the system of fiscal federalism (Finanzausgleich) in Germany and its effects on macroeconomic growth. The maze of both transfers from federal government to the states (vertikaler Finanzausgleich) and interregional transfers between the states (horizontaler Finanzausgleich) is revealed and how the growth rates of the GDP developed. Econometric analysis show the negative impact on growth. This is due to both vertical and horizontal redistribution because of the massive negative incentives of the system. States contributing to and even those obtaining from the current system could benefit from changes.

Managing Water Scarcity: An Evaluation of Interregional Transfers

1984 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 785-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Vaux ◽  
Richard E. Howitt
Keyword(s):  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Interregional Transfers

scholarly journals Rates of Return to Agricultural Research and Extension in the Southern Region

1979 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred C. White ◽  
Joseph Havlicek
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Economic Study ◽  
Rates Of Return ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Interregional Transfers ◽  
Research Investment ◽  
Research Expenditures

The interregional transfer of agricultural research results has long been recognized by sociologists and economists [10, pp. 524–526]. The first major economic study in this area was reported in 1957 by Griliches [7]. However, many economists have failed to account for this type of transfer in estimating rates of return for agricultural research investment at the state level. A possible explanation for the failure to account for this transfer is that many analyses at the state level are modeled after national studies. Though researchers estimating a national rate of return may not feel a need to account for interregional transfers, these transfers clearly cannot be ignored at the state or regional levels. Latimer and Paarlberg [9] and Bauer and Hancock [2] estimated aggregate production functions for states and had difficulty finding a statistically significant relationship between research expenditures within the state and agricultural output. Bauer and Hancock finally estimated a lagged relationship that is in conflict with other conceptual and empirical models. Latimer and Paarlberg concluded that research is so pervasive that there are no measurable differences in levels of farm income attributable to differences in research inputs by states [9, p. 239]. More recently, Bredahl and Peterson [3] examined the differences in rates of return to cash crops, dairy, poultry, and livestock research among states. These estimates are appropriate if agricultural research results are limited by state boundaries. The interregional transfer of agricultural research results needs to be taken into account in estimating the returns to agricultural research at a regional level.

scholarly journals Delegation of Taxation Authority and Multipolicy Commitment in a Decentralized Leadership Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-537
Author(s):  
Nobuo Akai ◽  
Takahiro Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Leadership Model ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Interregional Transfers ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Taxation Authority ◽  
Decentralized Leadership ◽  
Level Government

This article examines to what extent taxation authority should be delegated to local or lower-level government. Delegation of taxation authority can be regarded as a commitment to the local tax rate ex ante in a decentralized leadership model, in which local governments set policies ex ante and the central government decides transfer policies ex post. Previous papers point out that ex post interregional transfers of the central government distort ex ante regional policies of local governments. However, Silva clarify the case where efficient expenditure by local governments is achieved. This article examines the delegation of taxation authority by extending Silva’s model to include commitment to taxation and generally derives the conditions when efficient public expenditure by local governments can be achieved in relation to the delegation of taxation authority. The model adopted in this article allows various levels of spillovers of local public goods and various types of multipolicy commitments of taxation and/or expenditure.

Interregional transfers: A political-economy CGE approach

2003 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolaas Groenewold ◽  
Alfred J. Hagger ◽  
John R. Madden
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Interregional Transfers
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