A flow-through passive dosing system for continuously supplying aqueous solutions of hydrophobic chemicals to bioconcentration and aquatic toxicity tests

Chemosphere ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 593-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaretha Adolfsson-Erici ◽  
Gun Åkerman ◽  
Annika Jahnke ◽  
Philipp Mayer ◽  
Michael S. McLachlan
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Aquatic Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Passive Dosing

ACUTE AQUATIC EFFECTS OF CHEMICALLY DISPERSED AND UNDISPERSED CRUDE OIL

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 (1) ◽  
pp. 1020-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Singer ◽  
Saji George ◽  
Susan Jacobson ◽  
Lisa L. Weetman ◽  
Ronald S. Tjeerdema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Aquatic Toxicity ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Acute Aquatic Toxicity ◽  
Water Accommodated Fractions ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Energy Equilibrium ◽  
Aquatic Effects ◽  
Prudhoe Bay

ABSTRACT The acute aquatic toxicity of untreated and chemically dispersed Prudhoe Bay crude oil has been investigated using spiked-exposure toxicity tests. Testing was accomplished under closed, flow-through conditions using the sensitive early life stages of three coastal California marine species. Water-accommodated fractions of untreated oil were prepared using low-energy, equilibrium methods, whereas chemical dispersions were prepared at somewhat higher energies. Results showed substantial differences in toxicity both among species and between dispersed and undispersed oil.

scholarly journals Oxytetracycline Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions on Commercial and High-Temperature Modified Activated Carbons

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3481
Author(s):  
Joanna Lach ◽  
Agnieszka Ociepa-Kubicka ◽  
Maciej Mrowiec
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Carbon Modification ◽  
Modification Method ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Proposed Modification ◽  
Modified Activated Carbons

The aim of the work was to evaluate the possibility of using commercial and modified activated carbons for the removal of oxytetracycline from aqueous solutions. The kinetics and statics of adsorption as well as the effect of the activated carbon dose and solution pH on the efficiency of the oxytetracycline adsorption were analyzed. Based on the study of oxytetracycline adsorption isotherms, the activated carbons were ranked in the following order: F-300 > WG-12 > Picabiol > ROW08 > WACC 8 × 30 > F-100 > WAZ 0.6–2.4. The most effective activated carbons were characterized by large specific surfaces. The best matching results were obtained for: Redlich–Peterson, Thot and Jovanovic models, and lower for the most frequently used Freundlich and Langmuir models. The adsorption proceeded better from solutions with pH = 6 than with pH = 3 and 10. Two ways of modifying activated carbon were also assessed. A proprietary method of activated carbon modification was proposed. It uses the heating of activated carbon as a result of current flow through its bed. Both carbons modified at 400 °C in the rotary kiln and on the proprietary SEOW (Joule-heat) modification stand enabled to obtain adsorbents with higher and comparable monolayer capacities. The advantage of the proposed modification method is low electricity consumption.

scholarly journals Challenges in The Regulatory Use of Water Accommodated Fractions for Assessing Complex Substances

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Robert Wheeler ◽  
Delina Lyon ◽  
Carolina di Paulo ◽  
Albania Grosso ◽  
Mark Crane
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Aquatic Toxicity ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
The United States ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Water Accommodated Fractions ◽  
Complex Substance

Abstract The use of the Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF) approach for the preparation of exposure systems of complex substances such as petroleum products has been a standard way to perform aquatic toxicity tests on these substances for over 30 years. In this Commentary we briefly describe the historical development, rationale, and guidance for the use and reporting of the WAF approach to assess complex substances. We then discuss two case studies, with coal tar pitch and kerosene/jet fuel, which illustrate challenges from regulatory authorities in Europe and the United States when using the WAF approach. We describe how the WAF approach is the only currently known method for testing the toxicity of the whole of a complex substance, even when some of its constituents remain unknown; it accounts for differences in the solubility of the constituents within a complex substance; and use of loading rates to describe any toxic effects is a unifying concept that allows direct comparison with releases of readily soluble substances in hazard assessment and chemical classification.

Cadmium removal from dilute aqueous solutions under galvanostatic mode in a flow-through cell

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (48-49) ◽  
pp. 22809-22817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma. de Lourdes Llovera-Hernández ◽  
Alberto Álvarez-Gallegos ◽  
J.A. Hernández ◽  
Susana Silva-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Cadmium Removal ◽  
Galvanostatic Mode ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Flow Through
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