A scale-up strategy for low-temperature methanol synthesis in a circulating slurry bubble reactor

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1459-1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Yulong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Methanol Synthesis ◽  
Scale Up

scholarly journals Structural and kinetical studies on the supercritical CO2 dried Cu/ZnO catalyst for low-temperature methanol synthesis

2016 ◽  
Vol 295 ◽  
pp. 160-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanzhi Meng ◽  
Qingde Zhang ◽  
Guohui Yang ◽  
Ruiqin Yang ◽  
Yoshiharu Yoneyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Methanol Synthesis ◽  
Supercritical Co2

Application of the Continuous Rheoconversion Process (CRP) to Low Temperature HPDC-Part I: Microstructure

2006 ◽  
Vol 116-117 ◽  
pp. 402-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Yue Pan ◽  
Stuart Wiesner ◽  
Diran Apelian
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Primary Phase ◽  
Heat Extraction ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Fraction Solid ◽  
Die Castings

The continuous rheoconversion process (CRP) is a novel slurry-on-demand process that was developed at MPI/WPI in 2002. The process is based on a passive liquid mixing technique in which the nucleation and growth of the primary phase are controlled using a specially designed “reactor”. The reactor provides heat extraction, copious nucleation, and forced convection during the initial stage of solidification, thus leading to the formation of globular structures. This paper presents our recent work on the scale-up of the CRP for industrial applications. Specifically, we demonstrate an important application of the CRP to low temperature (low fraction solid) HPDC. In Part I of this paper, we present salient results on microstructural characterization of CRP processed castings vs. conventional die castings.

Effect of modifiers on the performance of Cu-ZnO-based catalysts for low-temperature methanol synthesis

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 704-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-bo TANG ◽  
Tsubaki NORITATSU ◽  
Hong-juan XIE ◽  
Yi-zhuo HAN ◽  
Yi-sheng TAN
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Methanol Synthesis

Urea-derived Cu/ZnO catalyst being dried by supercritical CO2 for low-temperature methanol synthesis

Fuel ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 117213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peipei Zhang ◽  
Yuya Araki ◽  
Xiaobo Feng ◽  
Hangjie Li ◽  
Yuan Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Methanol Synthesis ◽  
Supercritical Co2

scholarly journals Activation of Soluble Polysaccharides with 1-Cyano-4-Dimethylaminopyridine Tetrafluoroborate (CDAP) for Use in Protein–Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccines and Immunological Reagents. III Optimization of CDAP Activation

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 777
Author(s):  
Andrew Lees ◽  
Jackson F. Barr ◽  
Samson Gebretnsae
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Maximal Activation ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Rapid Reaction ◽  
The Stability ◽  
High Level

CDAP (1-cyano-4-dimethylaminopyridine tetrafluoroborate) is employed in the synthesis of conjugate vaccines as a cyanylating reagent. In the published method, which used pH 9 activation at 20 °C (Vaccine, 14:190, 1996), the rapid reaction made the process difficult to control. Here, we describe optimizing CDAP activation using dextran as a model polysaccharide. CDAP stability and reactivity were determined as a function of time, pH and temperature. While the rate of dextran activation was slower at lower pH and temperature, it was balanced by the increased stability of CDAP, which left more reagent available for reaction. Whereas maximal activation took less than 2.5 min at pH 9 and 20 °C, it took 10–15 min at 0 °C. At pH 7 and 0 °C, the optimal time increased to >3 h to achieve a high level of activation. Many buffers interfered with CDAP activation, but DMAP could be used to preadjust the pH of polysaccharide solutions so that the pH only needed to be maintained. We found that the stability of the activated dextran was relatively independent of pH over the range of pH 1–9, with the level of activation decreased by 40–60% over 2 h. The use of low temperature and a less basic pH, with an optimum reaction time, requires less CDAP, improving activation levels while making the process more reliable and easier to scale up.

Active state of copper in catalysts for low-temperature methanol synthesis

1980 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Prudnikova ◽  
O. V. Makarova ◽  
T. M. Yurieva
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Methanol Synthesis ◽  
Active State
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