scholarly journals Endocannabinoid Receptor-1 and Sympathetic Nervous System Mediate the Beneficial Metabolic Effects of Gastric Bypass

Cell Reports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 108270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanchao Ye ◽  
Marwa Abu El Haija ◽  
Donald A. Morgan ◽  
Deng Guo ◽  
Yang Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Endocannabinoid Receptor

Hypertension and insulin resistance: role of sympathetic nervous system activity

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (5) ◽  
pp. E935-E942 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Supiano ◽  
R. V. Hogikyan ◽  
L. A. Morrow ◽  
F. J. Ortiz-Alonso ◽  
W. H. Herman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Tests

he purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that heightened sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity contributes to the mechanism by which hypertension is associated with insulin resistance in humans. We performed frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests to determine tissue sensitivity to metabolic effects of insulin (SI) and measured plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels in 21 normotensive and 14 hypertensive Caucasian subjects. Compared with the normotensive subjects, hypertensive subjects had decreased SI (5.4 +/- 0.5 vs. 4.0 +/- 0.7 x 10(-5) x min-1 x pM-1; P = 0.03) but similar plasma NE levels (normotensive: 1.82 +/- 0.12 vs. hypertensive: 1.73 +/- 0.16 nM; P = 0.23). In a multiple regression model, only body mass index (BMI) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) were significant independent predictors of SI [SI = (-0.513)(BMI) + (-0.058)(MABP) + 23.6; r = 0.748; P = 0.0001]; age, plasma glucose, epinephrine, and NE level did not enter this model. As an additional test of this hypothesis, seven hypertensive subjects were restudied after 10 days of guanadrel therapy to determine whether SI would increase during suppression of SNS activity by guanadrel. Despite a significant reduction in plasma NE levels with guanadrel (baseline: 1.63 +/- 0.18 vs. guanadrel: 0.99 +/- 0.14 nM; P = 0.01), there was no significant change in SI (baseline: 2.97 +/- 0.78 vs. guanadrel: 2.41 +/- 0.54 x 10(-5).min-1 x pM-1; analysis of variance P = 0.57). We conclude that, in the Caucasian population we studied, heightened SNS activity is not essential for the insulin resistance observed in hypertensive humans.

scholarly journals Sympathetic nervous system activity after gastric bypass surgery

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhuri Somaraju ◽  
Jessica Sawyer ◽  
John Miles ◽  
Michael Joyner ◽  
Nisha Charkoudian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System Activity ◽  
System Activity ◽  
Nervous System Activity ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

scholarly journals Relevance of Sympathetic Nervous System Activation in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia A. Thorp ◽  
Markus P. Schlaich
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Metabolic Control ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Sympathetic Overactivity ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Sympathetic tone is well recognised as being implicit in cardiovascular control. It is less readily acknowledged that activation of the sympathetic nervous system is integral in energy homeostasis and can exert profound metabolic effects. Accumulating data from animal and human studies suggest that central sympathetic overactivity plays a pivotal role in the aetiology and complications of several metabolic conditions that can cluster to form the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Given the known augmented risk for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and premature mortality associated with the MetS understanding the complex pathways underlying the metabolic derangements involved has become a priority. Many factors have been proposed to contribute to increased sympathetic nerve activity in metabolic abnormalities including obesity, impaired baroreflex sensitivity, hyperinsulinemia, and elevated adipokine levels. Furthermore there is mounting evidence to suggest that chronic sympathetic overactivity can potentiate two of the key metabolic alterations of the MetS, central obesity and insulin resistance. This review will discuss the regulatory role of the sympathetic nervous system in metabolic control and the proposed pathophysiology linking sympathetic overactivity to metabolic abnormalities. Pharmacological and device-based approaches that target central sympathetic drive will also be discussed as possible therapeutic options to improve metabolic control in at-risk patient cohorts.

scholarly journals Activation of natriuretic peptides and the sympathetic nervous system following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is associated with gonadal adipose tissues browning

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 427-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Neinast ◽  
Aaron P. Frank ◽  
Juliet F. Zechner ◽  
Quanlin Li ◽  
Lavanya Vishvanath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Natriuretic Peptides ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

scholarly journals Sympathetic support of energy expenditure and sympathetic nervous system activity after gastric bypass surgery

Obesity ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 480-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy B. Curry ◽  
Madhuri Somaraju ◽  
Casey N. Hines ◽  
Cornelius B. Groenewald ◽  
John M. Miles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System Activity ◽  
System Activity ◽  
Nervous System Activity ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Thyroid hormone-catecholamine interrelationships during exposure to cold

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Storm ◽  
C. van Hardeveld ◽  
A. A. H. Kassenaar
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Surgical Procedure ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Abstract. Basal plasma levels for adrenalin (A), noradrenalin (NA), l-triiodothyronine (T3), and l-thyroxine (T4) were determined in rats with a chronically inserted catheter. The experiments described in this report were started 3 days after the surgical procedure when T3 and T4 levels had returned to normal. Basal levels for the catecholamines were reached already 4 h after the operation. The T3/T4 ratio in plasma was significantly increased after 3, 7, and 14 days in rats kept at 4°C and the same holds for the iodide in the 24-h urine after 7 and 14 days at 4°C. The venous NA plasma concentration was increased 6- to 12-fold during the same period of exposure to cold, whereas the A concentration remained at the basal level. During infusion of NA at 23°C the T3/T4 ratio in plasma was significantly increased after 7 days compared to pair-fed controls, and the same holds for the iodide excretion in the 24-h urine. This paper presents further evidence for a role of the sympathetic nervous system on T4 metabolism in rats at resting conditions.

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