scholarly journals Innate Immunity in the C. elegans Intestine Is Programmed by a Neuronal Regulator of AWC Olfactory Neuron Development

Cell Reports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 107478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle J. Foster ◽  
Hilary K. Cheesman ◽  
Pengpeng Liu ◽  
Nicholas D. Peterson ◽  
Sarah M. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Olfactory Neuron ◽  
Neuron Development ◽  
C Elegans

Deficiency of innate immunity against P. aeruginosa enhances behavioral avoidance via the HECW-1/NPR-1 module in C. elegans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Bai ◽  
Wei Zou ◽  
Wenhui Zhou ◽  
Keqin Zhang ◽  
Xiaowei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Immune Gene ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Defensive Strategy ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Defensive Strategies ◽  
Behavioral Avoidance ◽  
Neuropeptide Y Receptor ◽  
G Protein Coupled

To antagonize infection of pathogenic bacteria in soil and confer increased survival, Caenorhabditis elegans employs innate immunity and behavioral avoidance synchronously as the two main defensive strategies. Although both biological processes and their individual signaling pathways have been partially elucidated, knowledge of their interrelationship remains limited. The current study reveals that deficiency of innate immunity triggered by mutation of the classic immune gene pmk-1 promotes avoidance behavior in C. elegans ; and vice versa. Restoration of pmk-1 expression using the tissue-specific promoters suggested that the functional loss of both intestinal and neuronal pmk-1 is necessary for the enhanced avoidance. Additionally, PMK-1 co-localized with the E3 ubiquitin ligase HECW-1 in OLL neurons and regulated the expressional level of the latter, which consequently affected the production of NPR-1, a G-protein-coupled receptor homologous to the mammalian neuropeptide Y receptor, in RMG neurons in a non-cell-autonomous manner. Collectively, our study illustrates, once the innate immunity is impaired when C. elegans antagonizes bacterial infection, the other defensive strategy of behavioral avoidance can be enhanced accordingly via the HECW-1/NPR-1 module, suggesting that GPCRs in neural circuits may receive the inputs from immune system and integrate those two systems for better adapting to the real-time status.

scholarly journals The DBL-1/TGF-β signaling pathway regulates pathogen-specific innate immune responses in C. elegans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhoomi Madhu ◽  
Tina L. Gumienny
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Independent Functions ◽  
Multiple Cell

Innate immunity in animals is orchestrated by multiple cell signaling pathways, including the TGF-β; superfamily pathway. While the role of TGF-β signaling in innate immunity has been clearly identified, the requirement for this pathway in generating specific, robust responses to different bacterial challenges has not been characterized. Here, we address the role of DBL-1/TGF-β in regulating signature host defense responses to a wide range of bacteria in C. elegans. This work reveals a role of DBL-1/TGF-β in animal survival, organismal behaviors, and molecular responses in different environments. Additionally, we identify a novel role for SMA-4/Smad that suggests both DBL-1/TGF-β-dependent and -independent functions in host avoidance responses. RNA-seq analyses and immunity reporter studies indicate DBL-1/TGF-β differentially regulates target gene expression upon exposure to different bacteria. Furthermore, the DBL-1/TGF-β pathway is itself differentially affected by the bacteria exposure. Collectively, these findings demonstrate bacteria-specific host immune responses regulated by the DBL-1/TGF-β signaling pathway.

scholarly journals The neuropeptide receptor NMUR-1 regulates the specificity of C. elegans innate immunity against pathogen infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip Wibisono ◽  
Shawndra Wibisono ◽  
Jan Watteyne ◽  
Chia-Hui Chen ◽  
Durai Sellegounder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Genes ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Functional Assays

A key question in current immunology is how the innate immune system generates high levels of specificity. Like most invertebrates, Caenorhabditis elegans does not have an adaptive immune system and relies solely on innate immunity to defend itself against pathogen attacks, yet it can still differentiate different pathogens and launch distinct innate immune responses. Here, we have found that functional loss of NMUR-1, a neuronal GPCR homologous to mammalian receptors for the neuropeptide neuromedin U, has diverse effects on C. elegans survival against various bacterial pathogens. Transcriptomic analyses and functional assays revealed that NMUR-1 modulates C. elegans transcription activity by regulating the expression of transcription factors, which, in turn, controls the expression of distinct immune genes in response to different pathogens. Our study has uncovered a molecular basis for the specificity of C. elegans innate immunity that could provide mechanistic insights into understanding the specificity of vertebrate innate immunity.

scholarly journals BIR‐2 is a Critical Component of Innate Immunity in C. elegans

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabel Lee ◽  
Antonio Rua ◽  
Shallee Page
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Critical Component ◽  
C Elegans

scholarly journals Conditioning Protects C. elegans from Lethal Effects of Enteropathogenic E. coli by Activating Genes that Regulate Lifespan and Innate Immunity

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 450-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akwasi Anyanful ◽  
Kirk A. Easley ◽  
Guy M. Benian ◽  
Daniel Kalman
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
E Coli ◽  
C Elegans

scholarly journals Protein Kinase D Is an Essential Regulator of C. elegans Innate Immunity

Immunity ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Ren ◽  
Hui Feng ◽  
Ya Fu ◽  
Marianne Land ◽  
Charles S. Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Protein Kinase D ◽  
C Elegans

scholarly journals DAF-16 and SMK-1 Contribute to Innate Immunity During Adulthood in Caenorhabditis elegans

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1521-1539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. McHugh ◽  
Elena Koumis ◽  
Paul Jacob ◽  
Jennifer Goldfarb ◽  
Michelle Schlaubitz-Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Over Time

Aging is accompanied by a progressive decline in immune function termed “immunosenescence”. Deficient surveillance coupled with the impaired function of immune cells compromises host defense in older animals. The dynamic activity of regulatory modules that control immunity appears to underlie age-dependent modifications to the immune system. In the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans levels of PMK-1 p38 MAP kinase diminish over time, reducing the expression of immune effectors that clear bacterial pathogens. Along with the PMK-1 pathway, innate immunity in C. elegans is regulated by the insulin signaling pathway. Here we asked whether DAF-16, a Forkhead box (FOXO) transcription factor whose activity is inhibited by insulin signaling, plays a role in host defense later in life. While in younger C. elegansDAF-16 is inactive unless stimulated by environmental insults, we found that even in the absence of acute stress the transcriptional activity of DAF-16 increases in an age-dependent manner. Beginning in the reproductive phase of adulthood, DAF-16 upregulates a subset of its transcriptional targets, including genes required to kill ingested microbes. Accordingly, DAF-16 has little to no role in larval immunity, but functions specifically during adulthood to confer resistance to bacterial pathogens. We found that DAF-16-mediated immunity in adults requires SMK-1, a regulatory subunit of the PP4 protein phosphatase complex. Our data suggest that as the function of one branch of the innate immune system of C. elegans (PMK-1) declines over time, DAF-16-mediated immunity ramps up to become the predominant means of protecting adults from infection, thus reconfiguring immunity later in life.

Loss of DNase II function in the gonad is associated with a higher expression of antimicrobial genes in Caenorhabditis elegans

2015 ◽  
Vol 470 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiang Yu ◽  
Huey-Jen Lai ◽  
Tai-Wei Lin ◽  
Chang-Shi Chen ◽  
Szecheng J. Lo
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Dnase Ii ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Elevated Expression

This study uncovered NUC-1 and CRN-7 function in germline apoptosis. Mutations of nuc-1 and crn-7 led to elevated expression of five innate-immunity-related genes and demonstrated that DNase II activity is associated with an innate immune response in C. elegans.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document