scholarly journals Ghrelin Enhances Food Odor Conditioning in Healthy Humans: An fMRI Study

Cell Reports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2643-2652.e4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Eun Han ◽  
Johannes Frasnelli ◽  
Yashar Zeighami ◽  
Kevin Larcher ◽  
Julie Boyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Odor ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Odor Conditioning

scholarly journals Ghrelin enhances food odor conditioning in healthy humans: an fMRI study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Eun Han ◽  
Johannes Frasnelli ◽  
Yashar Zeighami ◽  
Kevin Larcher ◽  
Julie Boyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Incentive Salience ◽  
Food Cues ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Food Odor ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Incentive Value ◽  
Reward Prediction ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Odor Conditioning

SummaryVulnerability to obesity includes eating in response to food cues, which acquire incentive value through conditioning. The conditioning process is largely subserved by dopamine, theorized to encode the discrepancy between expected and actual rewards, known as the reward prediction error (RPE). Ghrelin is a gut-derived homeostatic hormone that triggers hunger and eating. Despite extensive evidence that ghrelin stimulates dopamine, it remains unknown in humans if ghrelin modulates food cue learning. Here we show using functional magnetic resonance imaging that intravenously administered ghrelin increased RPE-related activity in dopamine-responsive areas during food odor conditioning in healthy volunteers. Participants responded faster to food odor-associated cues and perceived them to be more pleasant following ghrelin injection. Ghrelin also increased functional connectivity between hippocampus and ventral striatum. Our work demonstrates that ghrelin promotes the ability of cues to acquire incentive salience, and has implications for the development of vulnerability to obesity.

scholarly journals Ghrelin enhances food odor conditioning in healthy humans: An fMRI study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han JE ◽  
Frasnelli J ◽  
Zeighami Y ◽  
Larcher K ◽  
Boyle J ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Odor ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Odor Conditioning

scholarly journals Cognitive Coping Style Modulates Neural Responses to Emotional Faces in Healthy Humans: A 3-T fMRI Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 2526-2535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Veronika Rauch ◽  
Patricia Ohrmann ◽  
Jochen Bauer ◽  
Harald Kugel ◽  
Almut Engelien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coping Style ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Cognitive Coping ◽  
Emotional Faces ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Fmri Study

scholarly journals FAAH polymorphism (rs324420) modulates extinction recall in healthy humans: an fMRI study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Spohrs ◽  
Martin Ulrich ◽  
Georg Grön ◽  
Paul L. Plener ◽  
Birgit Abler
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Extinction Learning ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Amide Hydrolase

AbstractGold standard treatments for anxiety- and trauma-related disorders focus on exposure therapy promoting extinction learning and extinction retention. However, its efficacy is limited. Preclinical and particularly animal research has been able to demonstrate that homozygosity for the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) C385A allele, similar to FAAH inhibition, is associated with elevated concentrations of anandamide (AEA) and facilitates extinction learning and extinction recall. However, in humans, the underlying neurobiological processes are less well understood, and further knowledge might enhance the development of more effective therapies. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, a fear conditioning, fear extinction and extinction recall paradigm was conducted with 55 healthy male adults. They were genotyped for the FAAH single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs324420 to investigate differences related to extinction recall in neural activation and State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) ratings between AC heterozygotes and CC homozygotes (FAAH C385A SNP). Differential brain activation upon an unextinguished relative to an extinguished stimulus, was greater in AC heterozygotes as compared to CC homozygotes in core neural structures previously related to extinction recall, such as the medial superior frontal gyrus, the dorsal anterior cingulate and the anterior and middle insular cortex. Furthermore, AC heterozygotes displayed higher AEA levels and lower STAI-state ratings. Our data can be interpreted in line with previous suggestions of more successful extinction recall in A-allele carriers with elevated AEA levels. Data corroborate the hypothesis that the endocannabinoid system, particularly AEA, plays a modulatory role in the extinction of aversive memory.

scholarly journals Cortical control of gait in healthy humans: an fMRI study

2008 ◽  
Vol 115 (8) ◽  
pp. 1149-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
ChiHong Wang ◽  
YauYau Wai ◽  
BoCheng Kuo ◽  
Yei-Yu Yeh ◽  
JiunJie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Control ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Fmri Study

Action observation activates premotor and parietal areas in a somatotopic manner: an fMRI study

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 400-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Buccino ◽  
F. Binkofski ◽  
G. R. Fink ◽  
L. Fadiga ◽  
L. Fogassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Action Observation ◽  
Fmri Study

Catastrophizing, vulvar pain, and the 'pain matrix': An fMRI study

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate S. Sutton ◽  
Caroline F. Pukall ◽  
Susan Chamberlain ◽  
Conor Wild
Keyword(s):  
Vulvar Pain ◽  
Pain Matrix ◽  
Fmri Study
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