scholarly journals Protocadherin-Mediated Cell Repulsion Controls the Central Topography and Efferent Projections of the Abducens Nucleus

Cell Reports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1562-1572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhide Asakawa ◽  
Koichi Kawakami
Keyword(s):  
Abducens Nucleus ◽  
Efferent Projections ◽  
Cell Repulsion

scholarly journals Protocadherin-mediated cell repulsion controls the central topography and efferent projections of the abducens nucleus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhide Asakawa ◽  
Koichi Kawakami
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Axon Growth ◽  
Abducens Nucleus ◽  
Efferent Projection ◽  
Genetic Perturbations ◽  
Soma Size ◽  
Efferent Projections ◽  
Duane Retraction Syndrome ◽  
Motor Nuclei ◽  
Ocular Motor System

SummaryCranial motor nuclei in the brainstem innervate diverse types of head and neck muscles. Failure in establishing these neuromuscular connections causes congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (CCDDs) characterized by abnormal craniofacial movements. However, mechanisms that link cranial motor nuclei to target muscles are poorly understood at the molecular level. Here, we report that protocadherin-mediated repulsion mediates neuromuscular connection in the ocular motor system in zebrafish. We identify pools of abducens motor neurons that are topographically arranged according to soma size and convergently innervate a single muscle. Disruptions of Duane retraction syndrome-associated transcription factors reveal that these neurons require Mafba/MAFB, but not Sall4/SALL4, for differentiation. Furthermore, genetic perturbations of Pcdh17/Protocadherin-17 result in defective axon growth and soma clumping, thereby abolishing neuromuscular connectivity. Our results suggest that protocadherin-mediated repulsion forms the central topography and efferent projection pattern of the abducens nucleus following Mafba-dependent specification, and imply potential involvement of protocadherins in CCDD etiology.

scholarly journals Understanding Emotions: Origins and Roles of the Amygdala

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 823
Author(s):  
Goran Šimić ◽  
Mladenka Tkalčić ◽  
Vana Vukić ◽  
Damir Mulc ◽  
Ena Španić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Information ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Neuronal Populations ◽  
Efferent Projections ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Understanding Emotions ◽  
Fight Or Flight Response ◽  
And Behavior

Emotions arise from activations of specialized neuronal populations in several parts of the cerebral cortex, notably the anterior cingulate, insula, ventromedial prefrontal, and subcortical structures, such as the amygdala, ventral striatum, putamen, caudate nucleus, and ventral tegmental area. Feelings are conscious, emotional experiences of these activations that contribute to neuronal networks mediating thoughts, language, and behavior, thus enhancing the ability to predict, learn, and reappraise stimuli and situations in the environment based on previous experiences. Contemporary theories of emotion converge around the key role of the amygdala as the central subcortical emotional brain structure that constantly evaluates and integrates a variety of sensory information from the surroundings and assigns them appropriate values of emotional dimensions, such as valence, intensity, and approachability. The amygdala participates in the regulation of autonomic and endocrine functions, decision-making and adaptations of instinctive and motivational behaviors to changes in the environment through implicit associative learning, changes in short- and long-term synaptic plasticity, and activation of the fight-or-flight response via efferent projections from its central nucleus to cortical and subcortical structures.

scholarly journals The Possible Role of the Uropygial Gland on Mate Choice in Domestic Chicken

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Hirao
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Individual Recognition ◽  
Copulatory Behavior ◽  
Uropygial Gland ◽  
Odor Cues ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Efferent Projections ◽  
Opposite Sex

In avian mating systems, male domestic fowls are polygamous and mate with a number of selected members of the opposite sex. The factors that influence mating preference are considered to be visual cues. However, several studies have indicated that chemosensory cues also affect socio-sexual behavior, including mate choice and individual recognition. The female uropygial gland appears to provide odor for mate choice, as uropygial gland secretions are specific to individual body odor. Chicken olfactory bulbs possess efferent projections to the nucleus taeniae that are involved in copulatory behavior. From various reports, it appears that the uropygial gland has the potential to act as the source of social odor cues that dictate mate choice. In this review, evidence for the possible role of the uropygial gland on mate choice in domestic chickens is presented. However, it remains unclear whether a relationship exists between the uropygial gland and major histocompatibility complex-dependent mate choice.

The organization of the gastric efferent projections in the brainstem of monkey: An HRP study

1984 ◽  
Vol 293 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Karim ◽  
Engku Shaikh ◽  
Jeanette Tan ◽  
Zurina Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Efferent Projections

Development of the human abducens nucleus: A morphometric study

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 712-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuyuki Yamaguchi ◽  
Koichi Honma
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Abducens Nucleus
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