Severity of Demyelinating and Axonal Neuropathy Mouse Models Is Modified by Genes Affecting Structure and Function of Peripheral Nodes

Uraemic cardiomyopathy (UCM) is one of the most common complications in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Our aim was to compare characteristics of various UCM mouse models. Mice were assigned to the following groups: the pole ligation group, 5/6 nephrectomy group (5/6Nx), uninephrectomy plus contralateral ischemia followed by reperfusion group (IR), adenine group, and sham group. Mice were sacrificed at 4, 8, and 16 weeks after surgery in the pole ligation, 5/6Nx, and IR groups, respectively. In the adenine group, mice were sacrificed at 16 weeks after the adenine diet. The structure and function of the heart and the expression of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) in hearts were assessed. The mortality in the 5/6 Nx group was significantly higher than that in the pole ligation, IR, and adenine groups. Echocardiogram and histological examination showed cardiac hypertrophy in the adenine,5/6Nx, ligation group, and IR group. In addition, cardiac fibrosis occurred in all CKD modeling groups. Interestingly, cardiac fibrosis was more serious in the IR and adenine groups. FGF-23 expression in sham mice was similar to that in modeling groups; however, the GDF-15 level was decreased in modeling groups. Our results suggest that the four models of UCM show different phenotypical features, molding time and mortality. GDF-15 expression in the hearts of UCM mice was downregulated compared with sham group mice.

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Glial Cell-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Induces Enteric Neurogenesis and Improves Colon Structure and Function in Mouse Models of Hirschsprung Disease

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1053/j.gastro.2020.07.018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 159 (5) ◽

pp. 1824-1838.e17 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rodolphe Soret ◽

Sabine Schneider ◽

Guillaume Bernas ◽

Briana Christophers ◽

Ouliana Souchkova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glial Cell ◽

Mouse Models ◽

Neurotrophic Factor ◽

Hirschsprung Disease ◽

Structure And Function ◽

And Function

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Structure and function of DHHC protein S-acyltransferases

Biochemical Society Transactions ◽

10.1042/bst20160304 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 923-928 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Colin D. Gottlieb ◽

Maurine E. Linder

Keyword(s):

Mouse Models ◽

Protein Function ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Protein S ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Deficient Mouse ◽

Enzymatic Function ◽

Cytoplasmic Face ◽

Dhhc Protein ◽

And Function

It has been estimated that 10% of the human genome encodes proteins that are fatty acylated at cysteine residues. The vast majority of these proteins are modified by members of the DHHC protein family, which carry out their enzymatic function on the cytoplasmic face of cell membranes. The biomedical importance of DHHC proteins is underscored by their association with human disease; unique and essential roles for DHHC proteins have been uncovered using DHHC-deficient mouse models. Accordingly, there is great interest in elucidating the molecular mechanisms that underlie DHHC protein function. In this review, we present recent insights into the structure and function of DHHC enzymes.

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Desmin is essential for the structure and function of the sinoatrial node: implications for increased arrhythmogenesis

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.00594.2019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 319 (3) ◽

pp. H557-H570

Author(s):

Manolis Mavroidis ◽

Nikolaos C. Athanasiadis ◽

Pavlos Rigas ◽

Ioanna Kostavasili ◽

Ismini Kloukina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Mouse Models ◽

Cyclic Nucleotide ◽

Sinoatrial Node ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Deficient Mouse ◽

Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction ◽

Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ◽

And Function

The sinoatrial node exhibits high amounts of desmin and desmoplakin in structures we call “lateral intercalated disks,” connecting side-by-side adjacent cardiomyocytes. These structures are diminished in desmin-deficient mouse models. Misregulation of T-type Ca2+ current and hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated K+ channel 1 was proved along with prolonged interatrial conduction and cardiac autonomic nervous system dysfunction.

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Gene therapy into photoreceptors and Müller glial cells restores retinal structure and function in CRB1 retinitis pigmentosa mouse models

Human Molecular Genetics ◽

10.1093/hmg/ddv062 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (11) ◽

pp. 3104-3118 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Lucie P. Pellissier ◽

Peter M. Quinn ◽

C. Henrique Alves ◽

Rogier M. Vos ◽

Jan Klooster ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Therapy ◽

Retinitis Pigmentosa ◽

Mouse Models ◽

Glial Cells ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Müller Glial Cells ◽

Retinal Structure ◽

And Function

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Structure and function of neural networks in the retina

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100102213 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 26-27

Author(s):

Peter Sterling

Keyword(s):

Ganglion Cells ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Synaptic Connections ◽

Visual Axis ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Cat Retina ◽

Ultrathin Sections ◽

And Function ◽

Insight Into

The synaptic connections in cat retina that link photoreceptors to ganglion cells have been analyzed quantitatively. Our approach has been to prepare serial, ultrathin sections and photograph en montage at low magnification (˜2000X) in the electron microscope. Six series, 100-300 sections long, have been prepared over the last decade. They derive from different cats but always from the same region of retina, about one degree from the center of the visual axis. The material has been analyzed by reconstructing adjacent neurons in each array and then identifying systematically the synaptic connections between arrays. Most reconstructions were done manually by tracing the outlines of processes in successive sections onto acetate sheets aligned on a cartoonist's jig. The tracings were then digitized, stacked by computer, and printed with the hidden lines removed. The results have provided rather than the usual one-dimensional account of pathways, a three-dimensional account of circuits. From this has emerged insight into the functional architecture.

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Osseointegration interface of calcified bone and endosseous implants

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100130110 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 1096-1097

Author(s):

K.E. Krizan ◽

J.E. Laffoon ◽

M.J. Buckley

Keyword(s):

Structure And Function ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

En Bloc ◽

Endosseous Implants ◽

Ultrastructural Studies ◽

The Past ◽

Cacodylate Buffer ◽

One Year ◽

And Function

With increase use of tissue-integrated prostheses in recent years it is a goal to understand what is happening at the interface between haversion bone and bulk metal. This study uses electron microscopy (EM) techniques to establish parameters for osseointegration (structure and function between bone and nonload-carrying implants) in an animal model. In the past the interface has been evaluated extensively with light microscopy methods. Today researchers are using the EM for ultrastructural studies of the bone tissue and implant responses to an in vivo environment. Under general anesthesia nine adult mongrel dogs received three Brånemark (Nobelpharma) 3.75 × 7 mm titanium implants surgical placed in their left zygomatic arch. After a one year healing period the animals were injected with a routine bone marker (oxytetracycline), euthanized and perfused via aortic cannulation with 3% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer pH 7.2. Implants were retrieved en bloc, harvest radiographs made (Fig. 1), and routinely embedded in plastic. Tissue and implants were cut into 300 micron thick wafers, longitudinally to the implant with an Isomet saw and diamond wafering blade [Beuhler] until the center of the implant was reached.

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